Scheelite from 25 representative orogenic gold deposits from various geological settings was investigated by EPMA (electron probe micro-analyzer) and LA-ICP-MS (laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer) to establish discriminant geochemical features to constrain indicator mineral surveys for gold exploration. Scheelite from orogenic gold deposits displays five REE patterns including a bell-shaped pattern with a (i) positive or (ii) negative Eu anomaly; (iii) a flat pattern with a positive Eu anomaly and, less commonly, (iv) a LREE-enriched pattern, and (v) a HREE-enriched pattern. The REE patterns are interpreted to reflect the source of the auriferous hydrothermal fluids and, perhaps, co-precipitating mineral phases. Scheelite from deposits formed in rocks metamorphosed at upper greenschist to lower amphibolite facies have low contents in REE, Y, and Sr, and high contents in Mn, Nb, Ta, and V, compared to scheelite formed in rocks metamorphosed below the middle greenschist facies. Scheelite from deposits hosted in sedimentary rocks has high Sr, Pb, U, and Th, and low Na, REE, and Y, compared to that hosted in felsic to intermediate rocks. Statistical analysis including elemental plots and multivariate statistics with PLS-DA (partial least square-discriminant analysis) reveal that the metamorphic facies of the host rocks as well as the regional host rock composition exert a strong control on scheelite composition. This is a result of fluid-rock exchange during fluid flow to gold deposition site. PLS-DA and elemental ratio plots show that scheelite from orogenic gold deposits have distinct Sr, Mo, Eu, As, and Sr/Mo, but indistinguishable REE signatures, compared to scheelite from other deposit types.

中文翻译：

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造山型金矿床中白钨矿的微量元素组成

通过 EPMA（电子探针微量分析仪）和 LA-ICP-MS（激光烧蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱仪）对来自不同地质环境的 25 个代表性造山金矿床的白钨矿进行了研究，以建立判别地球化学特征以限制指示矿物调查黄金勘探。来自造山带金矿床的白钨矿显示出五种 REE 模式，包括带有 (i) 正或 (ii) 负 Eu 异常的钟形模式；(iii) 具有正 Eu 异常的平坦模式​​，以及不太常见的 (iv) 富含 LREE 的模式，和 (v) 富含 HREE 的模式。REE 模式被解释为反映含金热液流体的来源，也许还反映了共沉淀矿物相的来源。与在中绿片岩相以下变质的岩石中形成的白钨矿相比，在上部绿片岩到下部角闪岩相变质的岩石中形成的白钨矿的稀土元素、Y和Sr含量低，Mn、Nb、Ta和V含量高. 与长英质至中质岩中沉积的白钨矿相比，沉积岩中沉积的白钨矿具有高 Sr、Pb、U 和 Th，以及低 Na、REE 和 Y。包括元素图和PLS-DA（偏最小二乘判别分析）多元统计在内的统计分析表明，主岩变质相以及区域主岩成分对白钨矿成分有很强的控制作用。这是流体流向金沉积地点期间流体-岩石交换的结果。