The realization problem is fundamental in control systems theory and is well understood for linear systems. The situation is quite different for nonlinear systems with or without time delays. New results are given herein either as an abstract characterization of the class of delay–free nonlinear systems which are known to admit a realization, or by characterizing the existence of a realization for a wider class of retarded type or neutral type time delay nonlinear systems. The problem is motivated by the very practical modelling and realization problem of diabetes with or without gastroparesis. Up to 4% to 12% patients with diabetes are affected by the so-called gastroparesis which delays the digestion process. Several concurrent state space mathematical models do exist for diabetes and require a re-evaluation based on physiologic facts. These are reviewed herein to derive a (minimal) realization.

实现问题是控制系统理论中的基本问题，对于线性系统已广为人知。对于具有或没有时间延迟的非线性系统，情况大不相同。在此给出新的结果，作为对已知承认实现的无延迟非线性系统类别的抽象描述，或者通过对更广泛的一类延迟类型或中立型时滞非线性系统的实现的存在进行特征化。该问题是由非常实用的糖尿病伴或不伴胃轻瘫的建模和实现问题引起的。多达4％至12％的糖尿病患者会受到所谓的胃轻瘫的影响，而胃轻瘫会延迟消化过程。确实存在针对糖尿病的几种并发状态空间数学模型，并且需要根据生理事实进行重新评估。