Purpose of Review

Phenolic wastewaters represent a serious health and environmental problem. The remediation of phenolic wastewaters using oxidoreductase enzymes has emerged as an attractive environmentally friendly treatment method. However, the loss of enzyme activity during the treatment remains a key limitation. Thus, the aim of this article is to review and assess the recent progress in utilizing surface active additives (i.e., polymers, biopolymers, surfactants, and biosurfactants) for the reduction of enzyme inhibition and, thus, the enhancement of enzymatic remediation of phenolic wastewaters.

Recent Findings

The reported effect of polymeric and surfactant additives on the enzymatic remediation of phenolic pollutants is mixed. Some studies reported significant enhancements while others demonstrated minimal or no gains. More seriously, it has been reported that these fossil-based additives might lead to a higher toxicity of the treated wastewaters. Bio-based (biopolymers and biosurfactants) additives might address this toxicity issue; however, the bio-based additives are not always as effective as the fossil-based ones.

Summary

Despite the beneficial effect, with some exceptions, of additives, the enhancement level varies widely, probably due to the variations in the reaction environment. Thus, to draw meaningful and reliable conclusions on which additive(s) is more promising, thorough studies under unified conditions are needed. Additionally, generation of secondary pollutions associated with the fossil-based additives urges the replacement of such additives with bio-based ones. However, the effectiveness of the bio-based additives is still not sufficiently documented, stressing the need for more in-depth studies.

中文翻译：

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表面活性添加剂对酶法处理苯酚及其衍生物的影响：综述

审查目的

含酚废水代表了严重的健康和环境问题。使用氧化还原酶对酚类废水进行修复已成为一种有吸引力的环保方法。然而，治疗期间酶活性的丧失仍然是关键的限制。因此，本文的目的是回顾和评估利用表面活性添加剂（例如，聚合物，生物聚合物，表面活性剂和生物表面活性剂）减少酶抑制作用，从而增强酚类废水的酶促修复作用的最新进展。 。

最近的发现

聚合物和表面活性剂添加剂对酚类污染物酶促修复的报道效果不一。一些研究报告了显着的增强，而另一些则没有或只有很小的增长。更严重的是，据报道，这些基于化石的添加剂可能导致处理后的废水具有更高的毒性。生物基（生物聚合物和生物表面活性剂）添加剂可能解决了这个毒性问题；然而，生物基添加剂并不总是像化石基添加剂一样有效。

概要

尽管有添加剂的有益作用（除了某些例外），但增强水平变化很大，可能是由于反应环境的变化所致。因此，为了得出有意义和可靠的结论，关于哪种添加剂更有前景，需要在统一条件下进行深入研究。另外，与基于化石的添加剂相关联的二次污染的产生促使用生物基添加剂替代此类添加剂。然而，生物基添加剂的有效性仍未得到足够的证明，从而需要进行更深入的研究。