Abstract

Enzymes of industrial importance are primarily employed for biotechnological applications. However, high-cost and instability issues of purified enzymes hamper their usage. Multiple reuses rather than the single use is more cost-effective. A robuster bioprocess is feasible by enzyme immobilization. Performance of immobilized enzymes depends on the nature of support materials. Chitin and its derivatives-based supports offer stability and cost-effective bioprocessing. Chitosan is biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic and has multiple functional groups. A variety of supports such as chitosan, chitosan film, chitosan nanoparticle and chitosan nanocomposite are employed for enzyme immobilization. Chitosan bound enzymes, as compared to free enzymes, have improved the biocatalytic performances due to exceptionally high operational stability and reusability. Here we review enzymes immobilized on chitin/chitosan supporting materials with applications ranging from agriculture to drug delivery.

中文翻译：

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用于酶固定化和生物技术应用的几丁质和壳聚糖基支持材料

摘要

具有工业重要性的酶主要用于生物技术应用。但是，纯化酶的高成本和不稳定问题阻碍了它们的使用。与单次使用相比，多次重用更具成本效益。通过酶固定，更鲁棒的生物过程是可行的。固定化酶的性能取决于载体材料的性质。几丁质及其衍生物基支持物可提供稳定且具有成本效益的生物加工。壳聚糖具有生物相容性，可生物降解性，无毒且具有多个官能团。多种支持物如壳聚糖，壳聚糖膜，壳聚糖纳米颗粒和壳聚糖纳米复合材料用于酶固定。与游离酶相比，壳聚糖结合的酶 由于具有极高的操作稳定性和可重复使用性，因而提高了生物催化性能。在这里，我们将综述固定在几丁质/壳聚糖支持材料上的酶，其应用范围从农业到药物输送。