Purpose of Review

Many factors influence the health impact of exposure to metalliferous mine dusts and whilst the underpinning toxicology is pivotal, it is not the only driver of health outcomes following exposure. The purpose of this review is twofold: (i) to highlight recent advances in our understanding of the hazard posed by metalliferous mine dust and (ii) to broaden an often narrowly framed health risk perspective to consider the wider aetiology of the potential determinants of disease.

Recent Findings

The hazard posed by metalliferous dusts depends not only on their abundance and particle size but other properties such as chemical composition, solubility, shape, and surface area, which all play a role in the associated health effects. A better understanding of the mechanisms that lead to toxicity, such as recent advances in our understanding of the role played by reactive oxygen species (ROS), can help in the development of improved in vitro models to support risk assessments, whilst biomonitoring studies have the potential to guide risk management decisions for mining communities.

Summary

Environmental exposures are complex; complex geochemically and complex geographically. Research linking the environment to human health is starting to mature, highlighting the subtlety of multiple exposures, mixtures of substances, and the cumulative legacy effects of life in disrupted and stressed environments. We are evolving more refined biomarkers to identify these responses, which enhances our appreciation of the burden of effects on society and also directs us to more sophisticated risk assessment approaches to adequately address evolving regulatory and societal needs.

中文翻译：

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金属矿粉：采矿业对人类健康的影响和疾病的潜在决定因素

审查目的

许多因素都会影响暴露于含金属矿山粉尘对健康的影响，虽然基本的毒理学至关重要，但这并不是暴露后对健康产生影响的唯一因素。审查的目的是双重的：（i）强调我们对含金属矿尘造成危害的理解的最新进展，以及（ii）拓宽通常狭义的健康风险观点，以考虑疾病潜在决定因素的广泛病因。

最近的发现

金属粉尘带来的危害不仅取决于它们的丰度和粒径，还取决于其他特性，例如化学成分，溶解度，形状和表面积，这些特性均对健康产生影响。更好地了解导致毒性的机制，例如我们对活性氧（ROS）的作用的了解方面的最新进展，可以帮助开发改进的体外模型以支持风险评估，而生物监测研究具有指导采矿社区风险管理决策的潜力。

概要

环境暴露很复杂；地球化学复杂，地理复杂。将环境与人类健康联系起来的研究已经开始成熟，突显了多重暴露，物质混合物以及在被破坏和充满压力的环境中生活的累积遗留效应的微妙之处。我们正在开发更精细的生物标记物以识别这些反应，这不仅使我们更加了解对社会的影响负担，还引导我们采用更复杂的风险评估方法，以充分满足不断变化的监管和社会需求。