Genetic engineering is a powerful method to improve the fermentation yield of bacterial metabolites. Since many biosynthetic mechanisms of bacterial metabolites have been unveiled, genetic engineering approaches have been applied to various issues of biosynthetic pathways, such as transcription, translation, post-translational modification, enzymes, transporters, etc. In this article, natamycin, avermectins, gentamicins, piperidamycins, and β-valienamine have been chosen as examples to review recent progress in improving their production by genetic engineering approaches. In these cases, not only yields of target products have been increased, but also yields of by-products have been decreased, and new products have been created.

基因工程是提高细菌代谢产物发酵产量的有效方法。由于揭示了细菌代谢产物的许多生物合成机制，因此基因工程方法已应用于各种生物合成途径，例如转录，翻译，翻译后修饰，酶，转运蛋白等。在本文中，纳他霉素，阿维菌素，庆大霉素，哌啶霉素和β-缬氨酸胺已被选为实例，以综述通过基因工程方法改善其生产的最新进展。在这些情况下，不仅增加了目标产品的产量，而且降低了副产品的产量，并创造了新产品。