The present study identifies water-stressed areas based on linkages between NOAH model-based soil moisture and seasonal paddy rice cultivation in the Dwarakeswar–Gandheswari river basin. Soil moisture provides information about crop water stress distribution. A new analytic hierarchy process (AHP)-based index is proposed for water stress evaluation. The spatially distributed paddy rice cultivation is essential from the water resource management point of view. Temperature vegetation dryness index (TVDI), regional water stress index, standardized water level index, and vegetation health index (VHI) are considered for detecting water-stressed area. Water stress indices, soil moisture, and paddy rice cultivation are considered on a seasonal basis (Boro, Aus, and Aman) for the period 2011–2016. The spatial patterns of TVDI, VHI, and rice cultivation are derived from Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager satellite images. Kendall’s tau is considered for correlation analysis. Sensitivity analysis is performed for the generation of AHP-based new water-stressed zone map. The results show that the downstream portion of the river basin has low water stress compared to the upstream part. Ultimately, the results are validated using 20 field sample points. This analysis will be helpful for the irrigation water management framework.

中文翻译：

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基于土壤水分与季节性水稻栽培相互关系的缺水地区识别

本研究基于基于DAHakeswar–Gandheswari流域的基于NOAH模型的土壤水分与季节性水稻种植之间的联系，确定了缺水地区。土壤水分可提供有关作物水分胁迫分布的信息。提出了一种新的基于层次分析法（AHP）的水分胁迫评价指标。从水资源管理的角度来看，空间分布的水稻种植至关重要。温度植被干燥指数（TVDI），区域水分胁迫指数，标准水位指数和植被健康指数（VHI）被用于检测缺水地区。在2011-2016年期间，按季节（Boro，Aus和Aman）考虑水分胁迫指数，土壤湿度和水稻种植。TVDI，VHI，水稻和水稻的种植均来自Landsat 7增强型主题制图仪Plus和Landsat 8实用土地成像仪卫星图像。肯德尔的tau被考虑用于相关性分析。进行敏感性分析以生成基于AHP的新水应力区图。结果表明，与上游地区相比，流域下游地区的水压力较低。最终，使用20个现场采样点对结果进行验证。该分析将有助于灌溉水管理框架。结果表明，与上游地区相比，流域下游地区的水压力较低。最终，使用20个现场采样点对结果进行验证。该分析将有助于灌溉水管理框架。结果表明，与上游地区相比，流域下游地区的水压力较低。最终，使用20个现场采样点对结果进行验证。该分析将有助于灌溉水管理框架。