Prescription Medication Use and Phantom Odor Perception Among US Adults,Chemosensory Perception

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Prescription Medication Use and Phantom Odor Perception Among US Adults
Chemosensory Perception Pub Date : 2019-12-05 , DOI: 10.1007/s12078-019-09276-6
Kathleen E Bainbridge ₁ , Danita Byrd-Clark ₂

Affiliation

Introduction

Prescription medication use may be associated with phantom odor perception. We evaluated associations between number of prescription medications and their therapeutic class and phantom odor perception among US adults.

Methods

Data were collected between 2011 and 2014 as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). A complex sampling design resulted in a nationally representative sample of 7417 adults aged 40 years and older. During an in-home interview, participants were asked whether they had experienced an unpleasant, bad, or burning odor when nothing is there. Prescription medication use was assessed using validation with prescription bottles, when possible.

Results

Almost one quarter (23.3%) of adults uses ≥ 5 prescription medications. Use of five or more prescription medications is associated with 70% greater odds of phantom odor perception (OR 1.69 (1.09, 2.63)). Among adults 60 years and older, antidiabetic medications, antihyperlipidemic agents, and proton pump inhibitors are associated with 74–88% greater odds of report of phantom odor (OR = 1.74 (1.09, 2.77), OR = 1.85 (1.22. 2.80), and OR = 1.88 (1.15, 3.07)), respectively.

Conclusions

Phantom odor perception may be a side effect of antidiabetic or antihyperlipidemic agents. Among people taking proton pump inhibitors, phantom odors may also be a consequence of gastric gas reflux.

Implications

Common prescription medications may be providing an olfactory stimulus.

中文翻译：

美国成年人的处方药使用和幻觉气味感知

介绍

处方药的使用可能与幻觉气味有关。我们评估了美国成年人处方药数量及其治疗类别与幻觉气味感知之间的关联。

方法

数据收集于 2011 年至 2014 年期间，作为国家健康和营养检查调查 (NHANES) 的一部分。复杂的抽样设计产生了 7417 名 40 岁及以上成年人的全国代表性样本。在一次家庭访谈中，参与者被问及当家里什么都没有时，他们是否经历过令人不快、难闻或烧焦的气味。在可能的情况下，通过使用处方瓶进行验证来评估处方药的使用情况。

结果

近四分之一 (23.3%) 的成年人使用 ≥ 5 种处方药。使用五种或更多处方药与幻觉气味感知的几率增加 70% 相关（OR 1.69 (1.09, 2.63)）。在 60 岁及以上的成年人中，抗糖尿病药物、降血脂药物和质子泵抑制剂与幻觉报告的几率增加 74-88% 相关（OR = 1.74 (1.09, 2.77)，OR = 1.85 (1.22. 2.80)， OR = 1.88 (1.15, 3.07))。