Novel green electrodes were fabricated through the combination of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) and copper precursors. Electrodes were produced by a hybrid manufacturing process that included vacuum filtration, intensive pulsed light (IPL) sintering, mechanical hot pressing and heat treatment to reduce the number of junctions and flatten the components into a parallel arrangement. Copper provides excellent electrical conductivity and cost efficiency, but it can be easily oxidized. CNC is a renewable material that acts as a strong binder, allowing the compaction of the electrodes and providing a surface for copper ions to be adsorbed. GNP prevents copper oxidation and acts as conductive bridges. This combination of processes and materials yielded decreases in electrical resistance, even after 5 days of heat treatment at 175 °C that would typically cause oxidation. At this temperature, carbonization of CNC began to occur. After applying a two percent strain to the electrodes, high CNC concentration electrodes maintained a similar electrical performance, whereas low CNC concentration electrodes exhibited a significant reduction in electrical conductivity. The ability to withstand elevated temperatures for long durations and external strains make the nanocomposite electrodes attractive for various applications such as electrodes, electrical devices and sensors

中文翻译：

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抗氧化纤维素纳米晶体-铜-石墨烯纳米片基电极的混合制造

通过纤维素纳米晶体（CNC），石墨烯纳米片（GNP）和铜前体的组合制备了新型绿色电极。电极是通过混合制造工艺生产的，该工艺包括真空过滤，强脉冲光（IPL）烧结，机械热压和热处理，以减少结点的数量并使组件扁平成平行排列。铜具有出色的导电性和成本效益，但很容易被氧化。CNC是一种可再生材料，可充当牢固的粘合剂，使电极紧实并为铜离子提供吸附表面。GNP可防止铜氧化并充当导电桥。工艺和材料的这种结合可降低电阻，即使在175°C的温度下热处理5天后，通常也会引起氧化。在此温度下，CNC开始碳化。在对电极施加2％的应变后，高浓度的CNC电极保持了相似的电性能，而低浓度的CNC电极显示出明显的电导率降低。长期承受高温和外部应变的能力使纳米复合材料电极吸引了各种应用，例如电极，电气设备和传感器 而低浓度的CNC电极则显示出电导率的显着降低。长期承受高温和外部应变的能力使纳米复合材料电极吸引了各种应用，例如电极，电气设备和传感器 而低浓度的CNC电极则显示出电导率的显着降低。长期承受高温和外部应变的能力使纳米复合材料电极吸引了各种应用，例如电极，电气设备和传感器