Flowering plants (angiosperms) are the most species-rich and structurally diverse group of living plants. This evolutionary success is in great part due to morphological novelties characteristic to angiosperms such as the flower. The molecular mechanisms that allowed flowers to be formed and diversified are still unknown but certainly key roles are played by particular members of the MADS-box gene family. They encode transcriptional factors fundamental to several developmental processes, including the organization of floral structure in angiosperms. Studies concerning the evolution of the MADS-box gene family in flowering plants have uncovered several duplication events, followed by functional diversification of members of this gene family belonging to the so called ABC model. According to the literature, some of these duplication events involved B-class MADS-box genes and contributed to the diversification of angiosperm flower morphologies. In this review, we focus on examples of B-class gene duplications and their implications for flower structure and adaptation.

中文翻译：

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当Bs优于As：B类MADS-Box基因重复与花被形态多样化之间的关系

开花植物（被子植物）是物种最多，结构最多样化的活植物。这种进化上的成功很大程度上归因于被子植物（例如花朵）的形态学新颖性。尚不清楚允许花形成和多样化的分子机制，但肯定MADS-box基因家族的特定成员起着关键作用。它们编码几个发育过程所必需的转录因子，包括被子植物中花结构的组织。有关开花植物中MADS-box基因家族进化的研究发现了一些重复事件，随后该基因家族成员的功能多样化，即​​所谓的ABC模型。根据文献，其中一些重复事件涉及B类MADS-box基因，并有助于被子植物花形的多样化。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍B类基因重复的例子及其对花朵结构和适应性的影响。