There are many benefits to facilitating “always-on” pupillary light reflex (PLR)-aware pupil size measurement in eyewear, including improving the reliability of pupil-based cognitive and affective load monitoring and enabling PLR-based diagnosis of cognitive and eye-related diseases which have neurological symptoms manifested in the form of aberrant PLR responses. However, the detection of PLR responses for application in eyewear devices for everyday usage, beyond PLR measurement in confined clinical sessions, has not been investigated. To this end, a means of characterizing PLRs in less controlled environmental settings is investigated and subsequently a method of PLR detection is developed and evaluated. A low-cost head-mounted Web camera was used to record near-field eye video sequences which were processed with the self-tuning threshold algorithm for pupil diameter estimation and blink detection. PLR was induced by luminance change of a monitor and brightness change of the displayed image on a monitor. A transient model-based PLR detection algorithm which utilizes the general correlation of PLR amplitude and velocity was developed and evaluated on the data sets in terms of false alarm and false rejection rates. The findings from this research suggest that the PLR can be detected reliably using low-cost wearable pupil-measurement systems without using a separate sensor for detecting the luminance conditions. The correlation between pupil diameter amplitude and maximum velocity of PLR was shown to be sufficiently consistent for PLR detection.

中文翻译：

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眼镜计算中的自动瞳孔光反射检测

在眼镜中促进“始终开启”的瞳孔光反射 (PLR) 感知瞳孔大小测量有很多好处，包括提高基于瞳孔的认知和情感负荷监测的可靠性，以及实现基于 PLR 的认知和眼睛相关诊断具有神经系统症状的疾病以异常 PLR 反应的形式表现出来。然而，除了有限临床会议中的 PLR 测量之外，还没有研究在日常使用的眼镜设备中检测 PLR 响应。为此，研究了在较少控制的环境设置中表征 PLR 的方法，随后开发和评估了 PLR 检测方法。使用低成本头戴式网络摄像头记录近场眼睛视频序列，这些视频序列经过自调整阈值算法处理，用于瞳孔直径估计和眨眼检测。PLR 是由显示器的亮度变化和显示器上显示图像的亮度变化引起的。开发了一种基于瞬态模型的 PLR 检测算法，该算法利用 PLR 幅度和速度的一般相关性，并根据误报率和误报率对数据集进行评估。这项研究的结果表明，可以使用低成本的可穿戴瞳孔测量系统可靠地检测 PLR，而无需使用单独的传感器来检测亮度条件。瞳孔直径振幅与 PLR 最大速度之间的相关性被证明对于 PLR 检测是足够一致的。