Organizational routines consist of a mix of human actors and artifacts. Indeed, organizational settings are populated by a variety of cognitive artifacts, such as operating standards and prioritization rules, which encapsulate two types of knowledge: standards and regulations constraining individual action and rules sustaining explorative capacities of individuals. In order to investigate the role that cognitive artifacts may play in the formation and change of organizational routines, we developed an agent-based model that simulated environmental tasks, individual action and organizational settings. Our simulation results show that these two kinds of knowledge have different effects on routine dynamics and that when constraining knowledge and explorative capacities complement each other, routines are more efficacious. This indicates that organizational design should try to harmonize standardization and individual exploration. We also found that increasing the level of both these two kinds of knowledge inherent in cognitive artifacts within a dynamic environment tends to accelerate the adaptively changing processes of the routine system although at the expense of higher operating costs. Finally, we found that the impact of organizational inertia on the routine system might be either negative or positive, depending on a triangle relation among cognitive artifacts, environmental characteristics and inertia.

中文翻译：

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认知人工制品在组织常规动力学中的作用：基于代理的模型

组织程序由人类参与者和人工制品组成。的确，组织环境中充斥着各种认知工件，例如操作标准和优先级规则，它们封装了两种类型的知识：限制个人行为的标准和法规以及维持个人探索能力的规则。为了研究认知伪影在组织程序的形成和改变中可能发挥的作用，我们开发了一种基于代理的模型，该模型模拟了环境任务，个人行为和组织设置。我们的仿真结果表明，这两种知识对例行动力学的影响不同，并且当知识约束和探索能力相辅相成时，例行程序更为有效。这表明组织设计应尝试统一标准化和个人探索。我们还发现，在动态环境中增加认知工件固有的这两种知识的水平，往往会加速常规系统的自适应更改过程，尽管会以更高的运行成本为代价。最后，我们发现组织惯性对常规系统的影响可能是负面的也可能是正面的，这取决于认知工件，环境特征和惯性之间的三角关系。我们还发现，在动态环境中增加认知工件固有的这两种知识的水平，往往会加速常规系统的自适应更改过程，尽管会以更高的运行成本为代价。最后，我们发现组织惯性对常规系统的影响可能是负面的也可能是正面的，这取决于认知工件，环境特征和惯性之间的三角关系。我们还发现，在动态环境中增加认知工件固有的这两种知识的水平，往往会加速常规系统的自适应更改过程，尽管会以更高的运行成本为代价。最后，我们发现组织惯性对常规系统的影响可能是负面的也可能是正面的，这取决于认知工件，环境特征和惯性之间的三角关系。