The unique properties of gold nanoparticles have stimulated the increasing interest in the application of GNPs in interfacing biological recognition events with signal transduction and in designing biosensing devices exhibiting novel functions. The optical properties of GNPs provide wide range opportunities for construction optical biosensors. The excellent biocompatibility, conductivity, catalytic properties and high surface-to-volume ratio and high density of GNPs facilitate extensive application of GNPs in construction of electrochemical and piezoelectric biosensors with enhanced analytical performance with respect to other biosensor designs. In this article, the recent advances in construction of GNP-based optical, electrochemical and piezoelectric biosensors are reviewed, and some illustrative examples given, with a focus on the roles GNPs play in the biosensing process and the mechanism of GNPs for improving the analytical performances. Finally, the review concludes with an outline of present and future research for the real-world applications.

中文翻译：

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基于金纳米颗粒的生物传感器

金纳米粒子的独特性质激发了人们对 GNP 在将生物识别事件与信号转导相连接以及设计具有新功能的生物传感装置方面的应用越来越感兴趣。GNP 的光学特性为构建光学生物传感器提供了广泛的机会。GNP 优异的生物相容性、导电性、催化性能和高表面积体积比和高密度促进了 GNP 在电化学和压电生物传感器的构建中的广泛应用，与其他生物传感器设计相比，具有增强的分析性能。在本文中，回顾了基于 GNP 的光学、电化学和压电生物传感器构建的最新进展，并给出了一些说明性示例，重点关注 GNPs 在生物传感过程中的作用以及 GNPs 提高分析性能的机制。最后，评论总结了当前和未来实际应用的研究大纲。