Beer is one of the oldest alcoholic beverages; however, it may be contaminated by aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁), a highly toxic mycotoxin. The content of AFB₁ in 384 samples from 16 trademarks of clear lager beers, produced by two Mexican breweries, was evaluated and physicochemical parameters were determined. Samples were collected (4 canned or bottled beers per trademark per month) from July to December 2014 in Sonora, Northwest Mexico. Overall, results showed that all beers contained AFB₁ in a range of 0.203–0.2408 μg/L. pH values, total acidity and alcohol level were significantly different (p < 0.05) between breweries; while colour and bitterness units showed no statistical differences. The Pearson correlation test revealed a significant positive (p < 0.05) relationship between the alcohol content and AFB₁ levels. Although Maximum Residue Levels (MRL) have not been established for AFB₁ in beer, there is a limit for processed cereals; accordingly, none of the samples exceeded the MRL of AFB₁ set by Mexican standard (20 μg/L) or by the European Community (2 μg/L) for cereals and cereal-based products. However, the estimated exposure for heavy and very heavy beer consumer (0.0011, and 0.0013 μg kg/bodyweight/day, respectively) suggested that they may be exposed to significant levels of this toxin. Nonetheless, further research is still needed to determine if heavy beer consumption (> 1 L per day) represents a serious health hazard for consumers.

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墨西哥纯净啤酒样品中AFB 1的测定以及理化参数与AFB 1水平之间的可能关联

啤酒是最古老的酒精饮料之一。但是，它可能会被高毒性霉菌毒素黄曲霉毒素B ₁（AFB ₁）污染。评估了两家墨西哥啤酒厂生产的16个商标的清啤酒中384个样品中AFB ₁的含量，并确定了理化参数。2014年7月至2014年12月在墨西哥西北部的索诺拉（Sonora）收集了样品（每个商标每月4瓶罐装或瓶装啤酒）。总体而言，结果表明，所有啤酒均含有AFB ₁浓度范围为0.203–0.2408μg/ L。啤酒厂之间的pH值，总酸度和酒精水平存在显着差异（p <0.05）；颜色和苦味单位没有统计学差异。皮尔逊相关测试显示，酒精含量与AFB ₁水平之间存在显着的正相关（p <0.05）。尽管尚未为啤酒中的AFB ₁确定最大残留量（MRL），但加工谷物的含量是有限制的。因此，没有任何样品超过AFB ₁的最大残留限量针对谷物和谷类产品，按照墨西哥标准（20μg/ L）或欧洲共同体（2μg/ L）设置。然而，据估计，重度和极重度啤酒消费者的暴露量（分别为0.0011和0.0013μgkg /体重/天）表明，他们可能暴露于显着水平的这种毒素。尽管如此，仍需要进一步研究以确定大量啤酒消费（每天> 1 L）是否对消费者构成严重的健康危害。