This paper explores the potential for using remotely sensed data from a combination of commercial and open-sources, to improve the functionality, accuracy of energy-use calculations and visualisation of carbon emissions. We present a study demonstrating the use of LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) data and aerial imagery for a mixed-use inner urban area within the North East of England and how this can improve the quality of input data for modelling standardised energy uses and carbon emissions. We explore the scope of possible input data for both (1) building geometry and (2) building physics models from these sources. We explain the significance of improved data accuracy for the assessment of heat-loss parameters, orientation, and shading and renewable energy micro-generation. We also highlight the limitations around the sole use of remotely sensed data and how these concerns can be partially addressed through combinations with (1) open-source property data, such as age, occupancy, tenure and (2) existing stakeholder data sets, including building services and measured performance. We set out some of the technical challenges; addressed through data approximation (considering data quality and metadata protocols) and a combination of automated or manual processing; in the use, adaptation, and transferability of this data. We elucidate how the output can be visualised and be supported by many of industry-standard CAD, GIS, and BIM software applications hence, broadening the scope for real-world applications. We demonstrate the support of commercial interest and potential drawing evidence from primary market research regarding the principal applications, functionality, and output. In summary, we conclude on the benefits in the use of remotely sensed data for improved accuracy in energy use and carbon emission calculations, the need for semantic integration of mixed data sources and the importance of output visualisation.

中文翻译：

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可视化城市能源使用：LiDAR和遥感数据在城市能源规划中的使用

本文探讨了结合使用商业和开放源代码中的遥感数据来改善功能，提高能源使用量计算的准确性和碳排放可视化的潜力。我们目前进行的一项研究表明，LiDAR（光探测和测距）数据和航拍图像在英格兰东北部内部的混合用途内部市区中的使用以及如何改善输入数据的质量，以对标准化的能源使用和碳排放进行建模排放。我们探讨了来自这些来源的（1）建筑几何和（2）建筑物理模型可能输入数据的范围。我们解释了提高数据准确性对于评估热损失参数，方向，阴影和可再生能源微型发电的重要性。我们还将重点介绍仅使用遥感数据的局限性，以及如何通过与（1）开源属性数据（例如年龄，占用率，保有权）和（2）现有利益相关者数据集（包括建筑服务和可衡量的绩效。我们提出了一些技术挑战；通过数据近似（考虑数据质量和元数据协议）以及自动或手动处理的组合来解决；在使用，修改和传输这些数据方面。我们阐明了如何可视化输出并由许多行业标准的CAD，GIS和BIM软件应用程序提供支持，从而扩大了实际应用程序的范围。我们从主要市场研究，主要应用，功能和输出的角度，证明了商业利益的支持和潜在的取证证据。总而言之，我们得出结论，使用遥感数据可提高能源使用和碳排放量计算的准确性，需要混合数据源进行语义集成，以及输出可视化的重要性。