While health benefits imparted by probiotics and prebiotics in various finfish have been extensively researched over the past few decades, little emphasis has been given to its role in immunomodulation in grouper fish health. From this billion-dollar aquaculture industry, the production of an estimated 100,000 tons per annum of grouper fish is required to fulfill the needs of the global market by 2020. Thus, this huge demand has resulted in a rapid rise of grouper fish farms, especially in the Asia-Pacific region. Unfortunately, grouper farming is often blighted by viral and bacterial diseases, which consequently devastate yields, resulting in economic losses. This review provides an overview of the functional role of probiotics and prebiotics, with specific emphasis on their immunomodulatory effects toward the advancement of grouper fish farming as one of the rising aquaculture commodities in the near future. Types of grouper-related diseases, probiotic strains, prebiotic types, dietary manipulations, immunological functions, and immunomodulatory mechanisms are reviewed and discussed in this article.

在过去的几十年中，尽管对多种鱼类中益生菌和益生元赋予健康的益处进行了广泛的研究，但很少有人关注其在石斑鱼鱼类免疫调节中的作用。从这个价值数十亿美元的水产养殖业中，到2020年，每年需要生产10万吨石斑鱼才能满足全球市场的需求。因此，这一巨大的需求导致了石斑鱼养殖场的快速增长，特别是在亚太地区。不幸的是，石斑鱼养殖经常受到病毒和细菌性疾病的破坏，从而破坏了产量，造成了经济损失。这篇评论概述了益生菌和益生元的功能，特别强调它们对石斑鱼养殖的免疫调节作用，因为石斑鱼在不久的将来将成为水产养殖商品中的一种。本文对石斑鱼相关疾病的类型，益生菌菌株，益生元类型，饮食操作，免疫功能和免疫调节机制进行了讨论。