Polarization between groups is a major topic of contemporary societal debate and research. Formal models of opinion dynamics try to explain how intergroup polarization arises from simple first principles of social interaction. In existing models, intergroup attitudes affect social influence in the form of homophily or xenophobia, fixed tendencies of individuals to be more open to influence from ingroup members or distance themselves from attitudes of outgroup members. These models generate polarization between groups, but they neglect a central insight from empirical research. Intergroup attitudes are themselves subject to social influence in interactions with both in- and outgroup members. A model is proposed in which the attitude which is subject to social influence is also an intergroup attitude. It affects in turn the influence process itself. Furthermore, it is shown how this changes model predictions about process and conditions of polarization between groups. More complex patterns of intergroup relations emerge than in a model with fixed xenophobia. Especially, a renegade minority (‘outgroup lovers’) is found to have a key role in avoiding mutually negative intergroup relations and even elicit reversed polarization, resulting in a majority of individuals developing a negative attitude towards their ingroup and a positive one for the outgroup.

中文翻译：

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关于叛徒和外派仇恨者：对社会影响和跨群体态度之间的联系进行建模

群体之间的两极分化是当代社会辩论和研究的主要话题。意见动态的正式模型试图解释群体间的两极分化是如何从简单的社会互动的第一原则中产生的。在现有的模型中，群体间的态度以同性恋或仇外心理的形式影响社会影响，个人倾向于更开放地接受内群体成员的影响或远离外群体成员的态度。这些模型在群体之间产生了两极分化，但它们忽略了实证研究的核心见解。群际态度本身在与群内和外群成员的互动中受到社会影响。提出了一种模型，其中受社会影响的态度也是一种群体间态度。它反过来影响影响过程本身。此外，它显示了这如何改变模型对群体之间极化过程和条件的预测。与具有固定仇外心理的模型相比，出现了更复杂的群体间关系模式。特别是，一个叛逆的少数人（“外群爱好者”）被发现在避免相互负面的群体间关系甚至引发反向极化方面发挥关键作用，导致大多数人对内群体产生消极态度，对外群体产生积极态度.