The review summarizes data on microglyocytes in the brain of mammals. General characteristics and features of their structure, functions and molecular organization at different ontogenetic stages are addressed. A special focus is on various hypotheses of the origin of microglia and current ideas about the involvement of microglyocytes in the regulation of neurogenesis and neuroinflammation. The data of recent experimental studies on toxic effects on microglia are critically analyzed. We point out the prospects for using the methods of selective microglia depletion (replacement) in modeling neuropathologies. This approach is supposed to enable assessment of the microglial contribution to the development of adaptive and neurodegenerative processes.

中文翻译：

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大脑小胶质细胞：起源、结构、功能

该综述总结了哺乳动物大脑中小糖细胞的数据。讨论了它们在不同个体发育阶段的结构、功能和分子组织的一般特征和特征。特别关注小胶质细胞起源的各种假设，以及目前关于小胶质细胞参与调节神经发生和神经炎症的观点。最近对小胶质细胞毒性作用的实验研究数据进行了批判性分析。我们指出了在神经病理学建模中使用选择性小胶质细胞耗竭（替代）方法的前景。这种方法应该能够评估小胶质细胞对适应性和神经退行性过程发展的贡献。