Rice plant diseases can cause damages and yield losses. To reduce the productivity losses, farmers need to observe and decide suitable treatments for the diseases recognized from the abnormal characteristics appeared in their farms. Traditionally, farmers identify potential diseases from their experiences or by consulting other experts. However, this approach has certain disadvantages due to varying knowledge, and at times unreliable experience and perception of different farmers. Externalization of knowledge from existing reliable sources and utilization of multiple farmer’s observations can overcome such problems. Thus, this study presents the design and development of RiceMan, a semantic-based framework in agriculture for rice plant disease management using multiple observations. The framework not only manages observations within a single farm, but also integrates with neighborhood observations to cope with spreadable rice diseases. In addition, with proper design of Rice Diseases Ontology (RiceDO) and Treatment Ontology (TreatO), the framework can identify possible diseases and give early warnings to farmers for their appropriate actions. Based on realistic situations, the paper also illustrates how the proposed framework can help farmers to better: (1) identify rice diseases, (2) prepare for the early warnings, and (3) obtain recommended treatments.

中文翻译：

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基于语义的水稻病害管理框架

水稻植株病害可造成损害和产量损失。为了减少生产力损失，农民需要观察和决定对他们农场出现的异常特征所识别的疾病的合适治疗方法。传统上，农民根据他们的经验或通过咨询其他专家来识别潜在的疾病。然而，由于知识不同，有时不同农民的经验和看法不可靠，这种方法有一定的缺点。来自现有可靠来源的知识的外化和利用多个农民的观察可以克服这些问题。因此，本研究介绍了 RiceMan 的设计和开发，这是一种基于语义的农业框架，用于使用多次观察进行水稻病害管理。该框架不仅管理单个农场内的观测，但也与邻里观察相结合，以应对可传播的水稻病害。此外，通过适当设计水稻病害本体（RiceDO）和治疗本体（TreatO），该框架可以识别可能的病害，并为农民采取适当的行动提供早期预警。基于现实情况，本文还说明了所提出的框架如何帮助农民更好地：（1）识别水稻病害，（2）为预警做好准备，以及（3）获得推荐的治疗方法。