The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioactive properties of propolis extract prepared using different solvents and different extraction methods. The extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and the differences between their antibacterial activities were evaluated by disc diffusion method. At the same time, bioactive properties of different concentrations of propolis extracts were investigated on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The proliferative effects and cytotoxic effects of the extracts were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) analyzes, respectively. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative status (TOS) parameters were used in assessing biochemical effects in the HUVEC cell line. The DNA damage was also analyzed by 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) level as indicators of genotoxicity. As a result of the MTT analysis conducted within the scope of the present study, the extracts tested were sorted as 95% ethanol extract of propolis (PEE95) > ultrasonic ethanol extract of propolis (PUEE) > 50% ethanol extract of propolis (PEE50) > ultrasonic water extract of propolis (PUWE) in terms of the effectiveness of their cell viabilities. It was observed that high concentrations of PEE95 induced LDH release. In addition to this, our findings have shown that PEE50, PUEE and PUWE increased oxidative stress at high concentrations. According to 8-OH-dG analysis, all tested extracts were found to be non-genotoxic. The results obtained from antibacterial activity and minimum inhibition concentration tests showed that PUEE and PEE95 had stronger antibacterial effects than PEE50 and PUWE. All these results indicated that propolis has beneficial effects for human health and therefore it is a valuable product which can be used as a food supplement.

中文翻译：

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加工方法和萃取溶剂对蜂胶化学含量和生物活性的影响

这项研究的目的是评估使用不同溶剂和不同提取方法制备的蜂胶提取物的生物活性。通过气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）分析提取物，并通过圆盘扩散法评估其抗菌活性之间的差异。同时，研究了不同浓度的蜂胶提取物对人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVEC）的生物活性。分别通过3-（4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基）-2,5-二苯基溴化四唑（MTT）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）分析来确定提取物的增殖作用和细胞毒性作用。总抗氧化剂容量（TAC）和总氧化状态（TOS）参数用于评估HUVEC细胞系中的生化作用。还通过8-氧代-2-脱氧鸟苷（8-OHdG）水平分析了DNA损伤，作为遗传毒性的指标。作为本研究范围内进行的MTT分析的结果，测试的提取物按以下顺序分类：蜂胶的95％乙醇提取物（PEE95）>蜂胶的超声波乙醇提取物（PUEE）>蜂胶的50％乙醇提取物（PEE50） >蜂胶的超声波水提取物（PUWE）在细胞活力方面的作用。观察到高浓度的PEE95诱导LDH释放。除此之外，我们的发现还表明，PEE50，PUEE和PUWE在高浓度下会增加氧化应激。根据8-OH-dG分析，发现所有测试的提取物均无遗传毒性。抗菌活性和最低抑菌浓度测试结果表明，PUEE和PEE95具有比PEE50和PUWE更强的抗菌作用。所有这些结果表明蜂胶对人类健康具有有益作用，因此它是可用作食品补充剂的有价值的产品。