The exodus of displaced populations is a recurring historical phenomenon, and the ongoing Syrian humanitarian crisis is its latest incarnation. During such mass migration events, information is an essential commodity. Of particular importance is geographical (e.g., pathways and refugee camps) and social (e.g., refugee activities and networking) information. Traditionally, such information had been produced and disseminated by authorities, but a new paradigm is emerging: Web 2.0 and mobile computing technologies enable the involved stakeholder communities to produce, access, and consume migration-related information. The purpose of this article is to put forward a new typology for understanding the factors around migration and to examine the potential of crowd-generated data—especially open data and volunteered geographic information—to study such events. Using the recent wave of migration to Europe from the Middle East and northern Africa as a case study, we examine how migration-related information can be dynamically mined and analyzed to study the migrants’ pathways from their home countries to their destination sites, as well as the conditions and activities that evolve during the migration process. These new data sources can provide a deeper and more fine-grained understanding of the migration process, often in real-time, and often through the eyes of the communities affected by it. Nevertheless, this also raises significant methodological and technical challenges for their future use associated with potential biases, data quality issues, and data processing.

中文翻译：

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出埃及记2.0：将大规模移民的地理和社会足迹众包

流离失所者的外流是一个经常发生的历史现象，持续的叙利亚人道主义危机是其最新的化身。在此类大规模迁移事件中，信息是必不可少的商品。特别重要的是地理信息（例如，通道和难民营）和社会信息（例如，难民活动和网络）。传统上，此类信息是由主管部门生成和分发的，但是新的范式正在出现：Web 2.0和移动计算技术使相关的利益相关者社区能够生成，访问和使用与迁移相关的信息。本文的目的是提出一种新的类型，以了解有关迁移的因素，并研究人群生成的数据（尤其是开放数据和自愿性地理信息）研究此类事件的潜力。以最近从中东和北非向欧洲的移民浪潮为案例研究，我们研究了如何动态地挖掘和分析与移民有关的信息，以研究移民从本国到目的地的路径。作为迁移过程中不断发展的条件和活动。这些新的数据源通常可以实时地并且经常在受其影响的社区的眼中提供对迁移过程的更深入，更细粒度的理解。不过，