There is a high international demand for timber from the genus Dipteryx, or “shihuahuaco” as it is known in Peru. Developing tools that allow the identification and discrimination of Dipteryx species is therefore important for supporting management of natural populations and to underpin legal trade of its timber. The objective of this study was the molecular characterization of Dipteryx species in the Peruvian Amazonia. Two plastid regions (cpDNA: trnH–psbA and matK) were sequenced and 11 microsatellite markers (nDNA) were genotyped for 32 individuals identified as Dipteryx charapilla, D. micrantha morphotype 1 and D. micrantha morphotype 2. Using the concatenated sequences of the plastid genes, we identified ten haplotypes that were not shared between the species or between the D. micrantha morphotypes. Haplotypic diversity was greater in D. micrantha morphotype 2 and D. charapilla than in D. micrantha morphotype 1, which presented only one haplotype with a wide distribution in Peru. The microsatellites allowed the discrimination of the same three clades and identified diagnostic alleles for each clade. These results allowed us to demonstrate that the two morphotypes of D. micrantha are different at both the plastid and nuclear markers, which supports the existence of three genetically distinct species in Peru. This study provides information for the genetic discrimination of Dipteryx species and emphasises the importance of conserving the genetic variability of this genus in the Peruvian Amazonia.

中文翻译：

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秘鲁亚马逊地区双翅目三种遗传物种的分子证据

国际上对 Dipteryx 属的木材有很高的需求，或者在秘鲁被称为“shihuahuaco”。因此，开发能够识别和区分双翅目物种的工具对于支持自然种群的管理和巩固其木材的合法贸易非常重要。本研究的目的是对秘鲁亚马逊河流域双翅目物种的分子特征进行表征。对两个质体区域（cpDNA：trnH – psbA 和 matK）进行了测序，并对 11 个微卫星标记 (nDNA) 进行了基因分型，这些个体被鉴定为 Dipteryx charapilla、D. micrantha morphotype 1 和 D. micrantha morphotype 2。使用 plastidid 的串联序列基因，我们确定了在物种之间或 D. micrantha 形态型之间不共享的十种单倍型。D 中的单倍型多样性更大。micrantha morphotype 2 和 D. charapilla 比 D. micrantha morphotype 1 多，后者仅呈现一种单倍型，在秘鲁广泛分布。微卫星允许区分相同的三个进化枝并确定每个进化枝的诊断等位基因。这些结果使我们能够证明 D. micrantha 的两种形态类型在质体和核标记上都不同，这支持了秘鲁存在三种遗传不同的物种。该研究为双翅目物种的遗传歧视提供了信息，并强调了在秘鲁亚马逊地区保护该属的遗传变异性的重要性。微卫星允许区分相同的三个进化枝并确定每个进化枝的诊断等位基因。这些结果使我们能够证明 D. micrantha 的两种形态类型在质体和核标记上都不同，这支持了秘鲁存在三种遗传不同的物种。这项研究为双翅目物种的遗传歧视提供了信息，并强调了在秘鲁亚马逊地区保护该属的遗传变异性的重要性。微卫星允许区分相同的三个进化枝并确定每个进化枝的诊断等位基因。这些结果使我们能够证明 D. micrantha 的两种形态类型在质体和核标记上都不同，这支持了秘鲁存在三种遗传不同的物种。这项研究为双翅目物种的遗传歧视提供了信息，并强调了在秘鲁亚马逊地区保护该属的遗传变异性的重要性。