Studies have shown that metabolic diseases, such as obesity, are significantly associated with intestinal flora imbalance. The amplification of opportunistic pathogens induced by the glyoxylic acid cycle contributes to intestinal flora imbalance. Promising, though, is that saturated hydrogen can effectively improve the occurrence and development of metabolic diseases, such as obesity. However, the specific mechanism of how saturated hydrogen operates is still not very clear. In this study, after a high-fat diet, the level of total cholesterol, total glyceride, and low-density lipoprotein in the peripheral blood of mice increased, and that of high-density lipoprotein decreased. Intestinal fatty acid metabolism-related gene Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), fatty acid synthase (FAS), intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FAPB), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) increased significantly. Bacteroides, Bifidobacteria, and Lactobacillus counts in feces decreased considerably, while Enterobacter cloacae increased. The activity of isocitrate lyase in feces increased markedly. Treatment of mice with saturated hydrogen led to decreased total cholesterol, total glyceride, and low-density lipoprotein and increased high-density lipoprotein in the peripheral blood. FAS and I-FAPB gene expression in the small intestine decreased. Bacteroides, Bifidobacteria, and Lactobacillus in feces increased significantly, whereas Enterobacter cloacae decreased. The activity of isocitrate lyase also diminished remarkably. These results suggest that saturated hydrogen could improve intestinal structural integrity and lipid metabolism disorders by inhibiting the glyoxylic acid cycle of the intestinal flora.

Impact statement

Past studies have shown that hydrogen can improve metabolic disorders, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. It is well known that metabolic diseases, such as obesity, are significantly associated with changes in the intestinal flora. The glyoxylic acid cycle is an essential metabolic pathway in prokaryotes, lower eukaryotes, and plants and could be the portal for mechanisms related to metabolic disorders. Many opportunistic pathogenic bacteria can recycle fatty acids to synthesize sugars and other pathogenic substances using the glyoxylic acid cycle. So, the glyoxylic acid cycle may be involved in intestinal dysbacteriosis under high-fat diet. This study, therefore, seeks to provide the mechanism of how hydrogen improves metabolic diseases and a new basis for the use of hydrogen in the treatment of metabolic disorders.

中文翻译：

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饱和氢可改善高脂饮食引起的脂质代谢紊乱和细菌异常。

研究表明，肥胖等代谢性疾病与肠道菌群失衡显着相关。由乙醛酸循环诱导的机会病原体的扩增导致肠道菌群失衡。不过，有希望的是饱和氢可以有效改善肥胖等代谢性疾病的发生和发展。然而，饱和氢如何运作的具体机制仍不清楚。在这项研究中，高脂饮食后，小鼠外周血中总胆固醇，总甘油酯和低密度脂蛋白的水平增加，而高密度脂蛋白的水平降低。肠道脂肪酸代谢相关基因载脂蛋白E（ApoE），脂肪酸合酶（FAS），肠道脂肪酸结合蛋白（I-FAPB），粪便中的拟杆菌，双歧杆菌和乳杆菌计数显着下降，而阴沟肠杆菌增加。粪中异柠檬酸裂合酶的活性明显增加。用饱和氢治疗小鼠可降低外周血总胆固醇，总甘油酯和低密度脂蛋白，并增加高密度脂蛋白。小肠中的FAS和I-FAPB基因表达下降。粪便中的拟杆菌，双歧杆菌和乳杆菌明显增加，而阴沟肠杆菌减少了。异柠檬酸裂合酶的活性也显着降低。这些结果表明饱和氢可以通过抑制肠道菌群的乙醛酸循环来改善肠道结构完整性和脂质代谢紊乱。

影响陈述

过去的研究表明，氢能改善代谢紊乱，但其作用机理仍不清楚。众所周知，代谢疾病，例如肥胖，与肠道菌群的变化显着相关。乙醛酸循环是原核生物，低等真核生物和植物中必不可少的代谢途径，并且可能是与代谢异常有关的机制的门户。许多机会致病细菌可以利用乙醛酸循环来回收脂肪酸，以合成糖和其他致病物质。因此，在高脂饮食下，乙醛酸循环可能与肠道菌群失调有关。因此，本研究试图提供氢如何改善代谢疾病的机制，以及为氢用于代谢紊乱治疗的新基础。