The landslides of the flow-type are dangerous and also challenging to study. A wide literature has been investigating the principal mechanisms governing each stage in which these phenomena can be ideally subdivided: failure, post-failure and propagation. However, holistic contributions and general overviews are very rare. In addition, a number of numerical methods have been issued and validated so that new chances exist to efficiently model those threats. The paper focuses on two classes of rainfall-induced landslides of the flow-type, namely debris flows and debris avalanches. The principal numerical methods are reviewed for modelling the landslide initiation and propagation and are later used for analyzing a series of benchmark slopes and real case histories which are successfully simulated. The rainfall from ground surface and water spring from the bedrock are key factors for slope instability. Pore water pressure plays a relevant role also during the propagation stage. The entrainment of further material makes the propagation patterns complex due to lateral spreading and slow-down of the front of flows. It is shown that the used models are capable to provide useful indications even for combined channelized and unchannelized flows. Notwithstanding the complexity of flow-like landslides and the related challenges in modelling, the understanding and forecasting of such natural hazards is achievable with a satisfactory confidence. Among the key factors, rainfall, pore water pressure and bed entrainment deserves a special attention. Further improvements are expectable as the numerical models are becoming more efficient. Thus, more accurate descriptions of local effects will be possible and also additional mechanisms will be eventually analysed.

中文翻译：

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自然和工程边坡中的水流和泥石流雪崩建模：综述

流动类型的滑坡既危险，又具有挑战性。广泛的文献已经研究了控制这些现象可以理想地细分的每个阶段的主要机制：失效，失效后和传播。但是，整体贡献和一般概述非常罕见。此外，已经发布并验证了许多数值方法，因此存在新的机会可以有效地对那些威胁进行建模。本文着眼于两类降雨引起的滑坡类型，即泥石流和泥石崩塌。回顾了主要的数值方法，以对滑坡的形成和传播进行建模，随后将其用于分析一系列基准坡度和成功案例的真实历史。来自地面的降雨和来自基岩的水泉是边坡失稳的关键因素。在繁殖阶段，孔隙水压力也起着重要作用。由于横向扩展和流动前沿的减慢，其他物质的夹带使传播方式变得复杂。结果表明，所使用的模型甚至能够为组合的通道化流和非通道化流提供有用的指示。尽管类似流动的滑坡非常复杂，并且在建模过程中遇到了相关挑战，但仍可以令人满意地实现对此类自然灾害的理解和预测。在关键因素中，降雨，孔隙水压力和夹带床值得特别注意。随着数值模型变得越来越有效，可以期待进一步的改进。从而，