BACKGROUND Customary medicine of Australia's Indigenous peoples draws upon knowledge developed through millennia of interaction with Australia's unique flora and fauna. Many Indigenous Australians are interested in developing modern medicinal and commercial translations of traditional knowledge; however, barriers of trust and benefit sharing often thwart progress. METHODS Using a participatory action research framework, university researchers collaborated with members of two Australian Indigenous communities to investigate selected medicinal plants and locally made bush products. A trusted community liaison facilitated the collaboration that was fostered through bilateral site visits. Material transfer and confidentiality agreements ensured that the plant materials were only used for the agreed purpose. Plain language written reports of the laboratory results were provided to the communities with follow up discussions. RESULTS In case study 1, only some of the traditional uses for the raw plants were shared with the researchers. Deidentified plants were assessed for antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. In case study 2, the plant names, traditional uses, and preparation methods were shared with the aim of learning more about their plants, potential uses, and optimising their bush products. Literature reviews were conducted that also helped guide in vitro testing of the crude and solvent partitioned extracts. These differences reflected the community's reasons for conducting the research and intellectual property considerations. In both cases, observed benefits included building trust and strengthening working relationships for ongoing collaboration, fostering enthusiasm for linking traditional and scientific knowledge, promoting cross-cultural learning about scientific methods and traditional medicine, maintaining the relevance of traditional knowledge in the modern world, and initiating community discussions around their bush medicine product development. CONCLUSIONS Community-driven scientific investigation of traditional medicinal knowledge can facilitate culturally meaningful outcomes, with potentially wide-reaching direct and indirect benefits. Community liaisons were invaluable for establishment of strong relationships and ensured that the research was culturally and locally appropriate. The need for clearer guidelines and regulation around community-driven biomedical research of their plants was identified. Australia would benefit from a user-friendly, open-source toolkit that promotes use of local traditional medicines, contains information about processes and protocols that communities and scientists could use to develop collaborative projects, and guides regulation and ethical commercialisation. Close consultation and collaboration with communities and researchers will be needed to ensure that such a toolkit is culturally appropriate and fit-for-purpose.

中文翻译：

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建立将生物医学与传统医学传统知识联系起来的伙伴关系：以两个澳大利亚土著社区为例的研究。

背景技术澳大利亚土著人民的习惯医学利用了通过与澳大利亚独特的动植物互动的千年发展而来的知识。许多澳大利亚土著人有兴趣开发传统知识的现代医学和商业翻译。但是，信任和利益共享的障碍常常阻碍了进步。方法采用参与性行动研究框架，大学研究人员与两个澳大利亚土著社区的成员合作，调查了精选的药用植物和本地生产的灌木丛产品。值得信赖的社区联络员通过双边现场访问促进了合作。材料转让和保密协议确保了植物材料仅用于约定的目的。向社区提供了通俗易懂的实验室结果书面报告，并进行了后续讨论。结果在案例研究1中，研究人员仅分享了一些原始植物的传统用途。对未鉴定的植物进行了抗氧化和抗菌性能评估。在案例研究2中，分享了植物名称，传统用途和制备方法，旨在更多地了解其植物，潜在用途和优化其灌木丛产品。进行了文献综述，也有助于指导对原油和溶剂分配的提取物进行体外测试。这些差异反映了社区进行研究的原因和知识产权方面的考虑。在这两种情况下 观察到的好处包括建立信任和加强持续合作的工作关系，培养将传统知识与科学知识联系起来的热情，促进关于科学方法和传统医学的跨文化学习，保持传统知识在现代世界中的相关性以及在周围发起社区讨论他们的丛林药产品开发。结论社区驱动的传统医学知识的科学调查可以促进具有文化意义的结果，并可能具有广泛的直接和间接收益。社区联络对于建立牢固的关系非常宝贵，并确保研究在文化和地方上都适当。人们发现需要围绕社区驱动的植物生物医学研究制定更明确的指南和法规。澳大利亚将受益于用户友好的开放源代码工具包，该工具包可促进对当地传统药物的使用，包含有关社区和科学家可用于开发协作项目的流程和协议的信息，并指导法规和道德商业化。需要与社区和研究人员进行密切协商和合作，以确保此类工具包在文化上适当且适合目的。并指导法规和道德商业化。需要与社区和研究人员进行密切协商和合作，以确保此类工具包在文化上适当且适合目的。并指导法规和道德商业化。需要与社区和研究人员进行密切协商和合作，以确保此类工具包在文化上适当且适合目的。