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Flower and fruit anatomy of Cordia nodosa Lam. and Varronia bonplandii Desv. (Cordiaceae, Boraginales) with phylogenetic implications
Organisms Diversity & Evolution ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-18 , DOI: 10.1007/s13127-019-00420-4
Heidi M.L. Heigl , Juliane Kretschmann , Hartmut H. Hilger , Marc Gottschling

Despite their ecological importance and wide distribution, Cordiaceae have not been subject to detailed anatomical study yet. We examined flower and fruit anatomies of Cordia nodosa and Varronia bonplandii (using paraffin sectioning and light microscopy) in comparison with other woody members of Boraginales. The internal architecture of the superior bicarpellate ovary resulted from the development of secondary septa including apical, basal and false septa, as reported also from other Boraginales. Novel characters of Cordiaceae were identified such as an extensive tissue surrounding the gynoecium of C. nodosa and a lignified cap on top of the endocarp in V. bonplandii. Fruits containing a single seed may have originated several times independently in Cordiaceae deriving from the four-seeded condition present today in most other non-capsular Boraginales. Distyly of V. bonplandii does not appear genetically fixed but may result from different ecological conditions. Hemianatropous ovules are now considered the derived character state in Cordiaceae, originating from anatropous ovules present in other Boraginales. Studies like this improve the knowledge about generative organs in general and identify phylogenetically informative characters. However, better knowledge of functional morphology and ecological importance regarding many traits identified require further investigations on the diversity of Cordiaceae.

中文翻译:

Cordia nodosa Lam 的花果解剖。和 Varronia bonplandii Desv。(Cordiaceae, Boraginales) 具有系统发育意义

尽管它们具有生态重要性和广泛分布,但Cordiaceae 尚未进行详细的解剖学研究。我们检查了 Cordia nodosa 和 Varronia bonplandii(使用石蜡切片和光学显微镜)与 Boraginales 的其他木质成员的花和果实解剖结构。上二心皮子房的内部结构是由二级隔膜的发育引起的,包括顶端、基部和假隔膜,其他 Boraginales 也有报道。确定了 Cordiaceae 的新特征,例如 C. nodosa 雌蕊周围的广泛组织和 V. bonplandii 内果皮顶部的木质化帽。含有单粒种子的果实可能在 Cordiaceae 中独立起源数次,源自当今大多数其他非荚膜 Boraginales 中存在的四粒种子。V. bonplandii 的 Distyly 似乎不是基因固定的,而是可能由不同的生态条件造成的。Hemianatropous 胚珠现在被认为是 Cordiaceae 中的派生特征状态,起源于其他 Boraginales 中存在的倒生胚珠。像这样的研究提高了一般生殖器官的知识,并确定了系统发育信息特征。然而,关于功能形态和生态重要性的更多确定的许多特征的更好的知识需要对 Cordiaceae 的多样性进行进一步的调查。bonplandii 似乎没有遗传固定,但可能由不同的生态条件引起。Hemianatropous 胚珠现在被认为是 Cordiaceae 中的派生特征状态,起源于其他 Boraginales 中存在的倒生胚珠。像这样的研究提高了一般生殖器官的知识,并确定了系统发育信息特征。然而,关于功能形态和生态重要性的更多鉴定的许多特征的更好的知识需要对 Cordiaceae 的多样性进行进一步的调查。bonplandii 似乎没有遗传固定,但可能由不同的生态条件引起。Hemianatropous 胚珠现在被认为是 Cordiaceae 中的派生特征状态,起源于其他 Boraginales 中存在的倒生胚珠。像这样的研究提高了一般生殖器官的知识,并确定了系统发育信息特征。然而,关于功能形态和生态重要性的更多鉴定的许多特征的更好的知识需要对 Cordiaceae 的多样性进行进一步的调查。
更新日期:2019-11-18
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