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Shade controls the ruminating and idleness times of dairy heifers in tropical integrated systems
Agroforestry Systems ( IF 2.0 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-17 , DOI: 10.1007/s10457-019-00448-7
Roberta Aparecida Carnevalli , Andréia Cristina Tavares de Mello , Admar Júnior Coletti , Larissa Fernanda Garcia , Diego Batista Xavier

Livestock production has migrated to the Midwest region of Brazil; however, these regions are environmentally unsuitable for livestock specializing in milk production, due to high temperatures. This environment can be improved using inserting trees into the pastures. The objective was to evaluate the effects of adding grazing trees on the behavior of dairy heifers in the Midwest region of Brazil. Piatã grass was managed in: open pasture system, OPS (shade level 0%), the worst treatment for animal production since the solar radiation and temperature are deleterious to animal welfare; moderate shade system (shade level 20%), the supposed adequate system where the animals find shady areas, but there is light available for photosynthesis; and intensive shade system (shade level 70%), the worst treatment for vegetal production since the light is limited for grass growth. Shade was provided by Eucalyptus trees. Heifer behavior was evaluated from 08:30 to 16:00 over three periods. In the OPS, the heifers searched for cow drinkers and remained there for a long time, refreshing themselves by floating in water and muddy places. Heifers demonstrated a behavior of attempting to return to grazing activity under the OPS during the hottest time of the day, but without success. Ruminating activity was not affected by any factor. The shade level affected the distribution of time spent on an activity and the time of day at which each activity happened. The moderate shade level is enough to ensure stability in the daily behavior of dairy heifers.

中文翻译:

遮阳控制热带集成系统中奶牛的反刍和闲置时间

畜牧业已迁移至巴西中西部地区;然而,由于高温,这些地区在环境上不适合专门从事牛奶生产的牲畜。可以通过将树木插入牧场来改善这种环境。目的是评估在巴西中西部地区添加放牧树木对奶牛行为的影响。Piatã 草的管理方式为:开放式牧场系统,OPS(遮荫等级 0%),这是对动物生产最糟糕的处理方式,因为太阳辐射和温度对动物福利有害;中等遮荫系统(遮荫水平 20%),动物找到阴凉区域但有光可用于光合作用的假定适当系统;和密集遮光系统(遮光度 70%),对植物生产最糟糕的处理方法,因为光线对于草的生长来说是有限的。桉树提供了遮荫。在三个时期内从 08:30 到 16:00 评估了小母牛的行为。在 OPS 中,小母牛寻找奶牛饮水器并在那里呆了很长时间,通过漂浮在水和泥泞的地方来提神。小母牛表现出在一天中最热的时间尝试在 OPS 下恢复放牧活动的行为,但没有成功。反刍活动不受任何因素影响。阴凉程度会影响一项活动所花费的时间分布以及每项活动发生的时间。适度的遮荫水平足以确保奶牛日常行为的稳定性。30 至 16:00 分三个时段。在 OPS 中,小母牛寻找奶牛饮水器并在那里呆了很长时间,通过漂浮在水和泥泞的地方来提神。小母牛表现出在一天中最热的时间尝试在 OPS 下恢复放牧活动的行为,但没有成功。反刍活动不受任何因素影响。阴凉程度会影响一项活动所花费的时间分布以及每项活动发生的时间。适度的遮荫水平足以确保奶牛日常行为的稳定性。30 至 16:00 分三个时段。在 OPS 中,小母牛寻找奶牛饮水器并在那里呆了很长时间,通过漂浮在水和泥泞的地方来提神。小母牛表现出在一天中最热的时间尝试在 OPS 下恢复放牧活动的行为,但没有成功。反刍活动不受任何因素影响。阴凉程度会影响一项活动所花费的时间分布以及每项活动发生的时间。适度的遮荫水平足以确保奶牛日常行为的稳定性。小母牛表现出在一天中最热的时间尝试在 OPS 下恢复放牧活动的行为,但没有成功。反刍活动不受任何因素影响。阴凉程度会影响一项活动所花费的时间分布以及每项活动发生的时间。适度的遮荫水平足以确保奶牛日常行为的稳定性。小母牛表现出在一天中最热的时间尝试在 OPS 下恢复放牧活动的行为,但没有成功。反刍活动不受任何因素影响。阴凉程度会影响一项活动所花费的时间分布以及每项活动发生的时间。适度的遮荫水平足以确保奶牛日常行为的稳定性。
更新日期:2019-10-17
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