Discovery of new mediators of immune cell activation and interaction facilitated elucidation of the various ways of defense against infectious agents and happened some 40 years ago. Each involved group of researchers named the mediators according to their scope of investigation; often the same molecules were published at the same time with different names. To avoid confusion resulting from using different names for the same mediators and to prevent a Babylonian confusion, standardization was implemented—as in the field of metrics, music, or science including virology. For cytokines and chemokines a standard nomenclature was proposed some 10 years ago and in conclusion it should be used. In this paper the most relevant biomarkers in HIV-1 and HBV infection and their contribution during viral pathogenesis are listed.

大约40年前，发现了免疫细胞激活和相互作用的新介体，这有助于阐明各种抗传染原的方法。每个相关的研究人员小组都根据其调查范围命名了调解员。通常，相同的分子同时以不同的名称发布。为了避免因对相同的调解人使用不同的名称而引起的混乱，并防止巴比伦的混乱，我们在度量，音乐或包括病毒学在内的科学领域实施了标准化。对于细胞因子和趋化因子，大约在10年前提出了一种标准命名法，总之应该使用它。本文列出了HIV-1和HBV感染中最相关的生物标志物及其在病毒发病机理中的作用。