The impact of genetically modified plants on plant-associated and surrounding soil microorganisms is an uninvestigated area of environmental risk assessment. Biological markers such as lysine racemase, phosphomannose isomerase, and sulfadiazine are in use or suggested for use in plant genetic transformation technologies to confirm that the uptake of DNA has occurred. Similar to the effects of antibiotic-resistance genes, these markers might change the host plant's microbiota. Taking into account the importance of the microbiota in plant growth and protection from pathogens as well as in the lives of both humans and animals, we propose novel criteria for the environmental risk assessment of genetically modified plants: the composition of the plant microbiota and plant-associated soil microbiota. In addition to the possible impact of genetic transformation technologies on the plant microbiota highlighted in this report, the microbiota of genetically modified plants (and/or plant-associated soil microbiota) should be investigated in a comparative study of genetically modified and unmodified plant-derived microbiotas. This could potentially provide important information to farmers when considering the adoption of genetically modified plants.

中文翻译：

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植物相关和土壤微生物群组成作为转基因植物环境风险评估的新标准。

转基因植物对植物相关和周围土壤微生物的影响是环境风险评估的未研究领域。诸如赖氨酸消旋酶，磷酸甘露糖异构酶和磺胺嘧啶等生物标记已在使用或建议用于植物遗传转化技术中，以确认已经发生了DNA吸收。与抗药性基因的作用相似，这些标记可能会改变宿主植物的微生物群。考虑到微生物群在植物生长，免受病原体以及人类和动物生命中的重要性，我们提出了转基因植物环境风险评估的新标准：植物微生物群和植物的组成-相关的土壤微生物。除了本报告强调的遗传转化技术对植物微生物区系的可能影响外，还应在对转基因和未经修饰的植物来源的比较研究中研究转基因植物（和/或与植物相关的土壤微生物区系）的微生物区系。微生物群 在考虑采用转基因植物时，这可能为农民提供重要信息。