In Amazonia, a growing body of studies has shown that rainforests were affected by human occupation in many areas during pre-Columbian times, inducing changes in their floristic compositions. The northern part of Amazonia, and in particular the Guiana Shield, is much less studied, although past human occupations have also been documented in this region. Therefore, the actual impact of pre-Columbian societies on Guianan forests is still poorly known. Here we explore 12 sites in the dense forest of Nouragues, central French Guiana, ranging from a priori non-anthropogenic to clearly anthropogenic, using an anthracological approach. Soil charcoals were radiocarbon dated to assess the chronology of the past human occupations, and identified to determine shifts in vegetation cover. Our results show that two main periods of occupation can be distinguished on several sites in the Nouragues area: a first one between ca. 1,300 and 1,000 cal bp and a second one between ca. 600 and 400 cal bp. Charcoal identification reveals the presence of a secondary vegetation during this most recent period of occupation, as shown by the presence of pioneer and heliophilic taxa, suggesting that human activities induced and favored this kind of vegetation. The presence of valuable wood and edible species in the anthracological record could reflect selective exploitation of the former around dwelling areas and a concentration of the latter within anthropogenic sites. As shown by our anthracological results, all the sites which contained charcoal were once under forest cover, including those that are now covered by pseudo-bamboos or by liana forests. We therefore suggest that the type of human activity (e.g. dwelling or food production) may have had different impacts on the structure and composition of subsequent vegetation resulting either in anthropogenic forests or liana and pseudo-bamboo patches after land abandonment.

中文翻译：

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使用人类学方法揭示法属圭亚那热带森林中的前哥伦布时期占领模式

在亚马逊地区，越来越多的研究表明，雨林在哥伦布前时期的许多地区受到人类占领的影响，从而导致其植物区系发生变化。尽管对亚马逊地区的北部地区，特别是对圭亚那盾牌的研究很少，但该地区过去的人类职业也有记载。因此，哥伦布前社会对圭亚那森林的实际影响仍然鲜为人知。在这里，我们使用人类学方法探索了法属圭亚那中部努拉格斯茂密森林中的12个地点，从先验的非人为因素到明显的人为因素。土壤木炭是放射性碳，用于评估过去人类职业的时间顺序，并被确定以确定植被覆盖度的变化。我们的研究结果表明，在努拉格斯地区的几个地点上，可以区分出两个主要的占领时期：第一个约介于两个时期之间。1,300和1,000卡路里bp和介于ca之间的第二个。600和400 cal bp。木炭的鉴定揭示了在最近的占领期中存在次生植被，如先驱者和嗜好生物类群的存在所表明的那样，表明人类活动诱导并偏爱这种植被。人类学记录中有价值的木材和可食用物种的存在可能反映了对前者在居住区周围的选择性开采以及后者在人为场所的集中。正如我们的人类学研究结果所示，所有包含木炭的地点都曾经被森林覆盖，包括现在被假竹子或藤本植物森林覆盖的地点。因此，我们建议人类活动的类型（例如