Abstract

Four Crimean archeological monuments bearing traces of specific deformations in their structures are considered. Detailed analysis of these structures revealed that they suffered from seismic impacts in the medieval period: such deformations as interblock cracks, cracks in windows and window sills, clockwise or counterclockwise rotations of wall sections, upslope toppling, deformation (short-term opening) arch structures, etc. Archeological and historical analysis allowed chronological stratification of these seismogenic deformations, making it possible to identify and date several medieval earthquakes. Traces of one of them (which occurred in the second half of the 15th century) were found at three monuments: the Ilka tile production center, the Mangup fortress, and the Chorgun tower. Maximum seismic impacts, which caused damage to the Ilka tile production center (one of its kilns), Chorgun tower, and the Theodoro Palace of Dominus, apparently originated from the West Crimean seismogenic zone, where earthquakes with M ≥ 6.5 can occur. This earthquake dates back to the second half of the 15th century. Earlier, this earthquake was known only from one historical source and did not raise much confidence among researchers. However, the discovery and description of seismogenic deformations of the Funa fortress, attributed to the year 1423, made it possible to prove the occurrence of another strong seismic event in Crimea in the second half of the 15th century, in addition to the well-known earthquake of 1423.

中文翻译：

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15世纪下半叶的克里米亚破坏性地震

摘要

考虑了四个克里米亚考古遗迹，这些古迹在结构上带有特定的变形痕迹。对这些结构的详细分析表明，它们在中世纪受到地震的影响：诸如块间裂缝，窗玻璃和窗台裂缝，墙体的顺时针或逆时针旋转，上坡倾倒，变形（短期开放）拱形结构等变形。考古和历史分析允许按时间顺序对这些地震发生的变形进行分层，从而有可能识别和记录数次中世纪地震。在三个纪念碑上发现了其中一个的痕迹（发生于15世纪下半叶）：Ilka瓷砖生产中心，Mangup堡垒和Chorgun塔。最大的地震影响中号≥6.5，可能会发生。这场地震的历史可以追溯到15世纪下半叶。早些时候，这场地震只是从一个历史渊源中得知的，并未引起研究人员的太多信心。但是，由于发现和描述了因1423年而发生的Funa堡垒的地震成因，除了众所周知的事实，它还有可能证明15世纪下半叶在克里米亚发生了另一场强烈地震事件。 1423年地震。