Research indicates that sources of work-related stress (WRS) impact on the physical, social, and psychological health of pilots. Furthermore, specific features of the job can increase a pilot’s risk in relation to developing a mental health (MH) issue. It is impossible to remove all stress from the work life of pilots. A high stress situation may not necessarily be detrimental to the person, once they have learned to cope with it in a healthy manner. Nonetheless, risk pertaining to WRS need to be effectively managed by a pilot’s employer. Therefore, it is important to identify solutions at an airline and pilot self-management level. This paper reports on the findings of human factors research undertaken with commercial pilots pertaining to work-related stress (WRS) and its impact on wellbeing, performance, and safety. The findings of a series of co-design workshops and a follow-up anonymous survey were analysed to identify potential solutions at (1) an airline and (2) pilot self-management level. Potential solutions are framed in relation to six impact scenarios. Furthermore, they are located within the existing regulatory framework, including the latest implementation rules (IR), acceptable means of compliance (ACM), and guidance material (GM) as outlined by the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA 2019). Proposed interventions should promote wellbeing and positive mental health while also addressing suffering and mental ill health. Airline interventions might focus on enhancing existing Safety Management System (SMS) approaches to better manage risks pertaining to WRS, advancing new tools to enable wellbeing briefing, risk assessment, and reporting, and training pilots in relation to MH awareness, risk identifying behaviour, and coping strategies. Furthermore, new role/functions might be introduced to support the implementation and management of WRS/wellbeing/MH safety/risk processes at an airline level. Requirements for new digital tools to support pilot awareness of WRS/wellbeing/MH, self-management of WRS/wellbeing/MH and risk identification both inside and outside the cockpit are also proposed. Some of recommendations arising in this research require changes to the existing rule-making and/or modification to existing AMC and GM.

中文翻译：

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支持商业飞行员管理与工作相关的压力 (WRS) 和福祉/心理健康问题的干预措施

研究表明，工作相关压力 (WRS) 的来源会影响飞行员的身体、社会和心理健康。此外，工作的特定特征会增加飞行员在心理健康 (MH) 问题方面的风险。不可能消除飞行员工作生活中的所有压力。一旦他们学会了以健康的方式应对，高压力情况可能不一定对人有害。尽管如此，与 WRS 相关的风险需要由飞行员的雇主有效管理。因此，在航空公司和飞行员自我管理层面确定解决方案非常重要。本文报告了商业飞行员就工作相关压力 (WRS) 及其对幸福感、绩效和安全的影响进行的人为因素研究的结果。分析了一系列协同设计研讨会和后续匿名调查的结果，以确定 (1) 航空公司和 (2) 飞行员自我管理级别的潜在解决方案。潜在的解决方案是针对六种影响情景制定的。此外，它们位于现有监管框架内，包括欧盟航空安全局 (EASA 2019) 概述的最新实施规则 (IR)、可接受的合规方式 (ACM) 和指导材料 (GM)。拟议的干预措施应促进福祉和积极的心理健康，同时还应解决痛苦和心理疾病。航空公司的干预措施可能侧重于加强现有的安全管理系统 (SMS) 方法，以更好地管理与 WRS 相关的风险，推进新工具以实现健康简报、风险评估和报告，和培训飞行员关于 MH 意识、风险识别行为和应对策略。此外，可能会引入新的角色/职能，以支持航空公司层面 WRS/福祉/MH 安全/风险流程的实施和管理。还提出了对新数字工具的要求，以支持飞行员对 WRS/福祉/MH 的认识、WRS/福祉/MH 的自我管理以及驾驶舱内外的风险识别。本研究中提出的一些建议需要更改现有的规则制定和/或修改现有的 AMC 和 GM。还提出了对新数字工具的要求，以支持飞行员对 WRS/福祉/MH 的认识、WRS/福祉/MH 的自我管理以及驾驶舱内外的风险识别。本研究中提出的一些建议需要更改现有的规则制定和/或修改现有的 AMC 和 GM。还提出了对新数字工具的要求，以支持飞行员对 WRS/福祉/MH 的认识、WRS/福祉/MH 的自我管理以及驾驶舱内外的风险识别。本研究中提出的一些建议需要更改现有的规则制定和/或修改现有的 AMC 和 GM。