Palladium nanoparticles supported on carbon Vulcan XC72 (Pd/C) and biocarbon (Pd/BC) synthesized by sodium borohydride process were used as catalysts for ethanol electro-oxidation in alkaline media. The biocarbon (BC) from coconut shell with mesoporous and high surface area (792 m² g⁻¹) was obtained by carbonization at 900 °C and the hydrothermal treatment in a microwave oven. The D-band and G-band intensity ratio (I_D/I_G) from Raman analysis showed high disorder of the biocarbon, while X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) suggests higher percentage of oxygen groups on the surface of biocarbon than of Vulcan XC72. From X-ray diffraction (XRD), it was observed peaks in 2θ degree related to the face centered cubic (fcc) structure of palladium and the mean crystallite sizes calculated based on the diffraction peak of Pd (220) were 5.6 nm for Pd/C and 5.3 nm for Pd/BC. Using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), it was observed particles well dispersed on both carbons support materials. The electrocatalytic activity of the materials was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) experiments. The peak current density (on CV experiments) from ethanol electro-oxidation on Pd/BC was 50% higher than on Pd/C, while the current density measured at 15 min of CA experiments was 80% higher on Pd/BC than on Pd/C. The higher catalytic activity of Pd/BC might be related to the large surface area of the biocarbon (792 m² g⁻¹) vs (239 m² g⁻¹) of Vulcan carbon, the defects of the biocarbon structure and higher amount of oxygen on the surface than Carbon Vulcan XC 72.

中文翻译：

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椰子壳介孔生物碳负载的钯纳米颗粒在碱性介质中用于乙醇的电氧化

通过硼氢化钠法合成的碳Vulcan XC72（Pd / C）和生物碳（Pd / BC）负载的钯纳米粒子被用作碱性介质中乙醇电氧化的催化剂。通过在900°C的温度下碳化并在微波炉中进行水热处理，可以得到具有中孔和高表面积（792 m ²  g ^-1）的椰子壳中的生物碳（BC）。D带和G带强度比（I _D / I _G拉曼分析中的）显示出生物碳的高度紊乱，而X射线光电子能谱（XPS）则表明生物碳表面的氧基团百分比高于Vulcan XC72。通过X射线衍射（XRD），观察到与钯的面心立方（fcc）结构相关的2θ度峰，并且根据Pd（220）的衍射峰计算的平均晶粒尺寸为5.6 nm。 C和Pd / BC的5.3 nm。使用透射电子显微镜（TEM），观察到颗粒充分分散在两种碳载体材料上。通过循环伏安法（CV）和计时电流法（CA）实验研究了材料的电催化活性。Pd / BC上乙醇电氧化的峰值电流密度（在CV实验中）比Pd / C高50％，而在CA实验15分钟时测得的电流密度在Pd / BC上比在Pd / C上高80％。Pd / BC较高的催化活性可能与生物碳的大表面积（792 m²  g ^-1）与（239 m ²  g ^-1）的Vulcan碳相比，Vulcan XC 72具有生物碳结构的缺陷，并且表面的氧气含量更高。