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Myrtle, Basil, Rosemary, and Three-Lobed Sage as Ritual Plants in the Monotheistic Religions: an Historical–Ethnobotanical Comparison
Economic Botany ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-02 , DOI: 10.1007/s12231-019-09477-w
Amots Dafni , Theodora Petanidou , Irini Vallianatou , Ekaterina Kozhuharova , Cèsar Blanché , Ettore Pacini , Matin Peyman , Zora Dajić Stevanovic , Gian Gabriele Franchi , Guillermo Benítez

This study surveys the history, origin, and ethnobotanical evidence of why Myrtus communis L., Ocimum basilicum L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., and Salvia fruticosa Mill. are used as ritual plants in the main monotheistic religions (Judaism, Islam, and Christianity, but also Druze, Mandaeism, and Zoroastrianism). All these aromatic plants are odoriferous, medicinal, and apotropaic. By reviewing about 180 selected references, mainly from the Mediterranean basin, we compiled five tables with 313 citations on these ritual uses in different territories and according to diverse religions. The use of these species in rites of passage is found in all the main monotheistic religions and, in critical stages of the human life cycle, is related to warding off the evil eye/bad spirits/Satan, demons, or witches. These ritual customs have deep roots in ancient pagan cultures. The use of these plants in official religious ceremonies shows that different religious ritual uses of myrtle in Judaism (as a compulsory part of the Sukkoth festival), basil in the Greek Orthodox Church (mainly as a component of the Exaltation of the Cross), and rosemary mainly in the Catholic Church (especially as a decoration in the church). The uses of the three-lobed sage for a ritual by Muslims in the Holy Land are local and are not part of established religious ceremonies. While these plants have many similar ritual aspects in different regions/religions, it seems that they can be used interchangeably, probably as a result of syncretism and cultural migration of customs.



中文翻译:

桃金娘,罗勒,迷迭香和三叶圣人作为一神教宗教中的仪式植物:历史-人类植物学比较

这项研究调查了为什么Myrtus communis L.,Ocimum basilicum L.,Rosmarinus officinalis L.和Salvia fruticosa的历史,起源和民族植物学证据磨。在主要的一神教宗教(犹太教,伊斯兰教和基督教,还有德鲁兹,曼达教和琐罗亚斯德教)中,作为礼仪植物。所有这些芳香植物都是有气味的,药用的和两性的。通过审查大约180种主要来自地中海盆地的参考文献,我们针对不同地区和不同宗教的这些仪式用途,编制了五张表格,其中包含313种引用。在所有主要的一神教宗教中都可以发现使用这些物种的通行仪式,并且在人类生命周期的关键阶段,它们与抵御邪恶的眼睛/坏脾气/撒旦,魔鬼或女巫有关。这些仪式习俗根植于古代异教文化。这些植物在正式的宗教仪式中的使用表明,在犹太教(作为Sukkoth节的强制性部分),希腊东正教教堂的罗勒(主要是作为高举十字架的一部分)中,桃金娘的不同宗教仪式使用方式不同。迷迭香主要存在于天主教堂(特别是作为教堂的装饰物)。三叶圣人在圣地为穆斯林使用的仪式是当地的,不属于既定的宗教仪式。尽管这些植物在不同的地区/宗教中有许多相似的仪式方面,但似乎可以互换使用,这可能是由于融合和习俗的文化迁移所致。迷迭香主要在天主教堂使用(特别是在教堂内作为装饰)。三叶圣人在圣地为穆斯林使用的仪式是当地的,不属于既定的宗教仪式。尽管这些植物在不同的地区/宗教中有许多相似的仪式方面,但似乎可以互换使用,这可能是由于融合和习俗的文化迁移所致。迷迭香主要在天主教堂使用(特别是在教堂内作为装饰)。三叶圣人在圣地为穆斯林使用的仪式是当地的,不属于既定的宗教仪式。尽管这些植物在不同的地区/宗教中有许多相似的仪式方面,但似乎可以互换使用,这可能是由于融合和习俗的文化迁移所致。

更新日期:2020-04-18
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