The twofold aim of this study was to investigate the long-term landscape development in an intensely cultivated region of south-western Scania, southern Sweden, and to discuss the potential of pollen records from wells for this purpose. Pollen records from 36 different wells from 12 archaeological sites were compiled. Based on 35 of the wells, ranging ca 800 cal bc–cal ad 1900, regional vegetation cover for seven different time-windows was quantified using the REVEALS model and a multiple small sites approach. According to the REVALS output, landscape openness was high and relatively constant during the last ca 2,500 years (open-land vegetation covered 90–97%), whereas arable land use expanded more gradually (cereal vegetation expanded from 9% cover 800–500 bc to 38% cover ad 1700–1900). This gradual increase in arable farming at the expense of grassland enabled an increase in food production within an already agriculturally colonized landscape. The REVEALS estimates based on pollen records from wells were in general accordance with earlier published REVEALS reconstructions based on lake sediments from neighbouring regions. A GIS analysis of arable land use in south-western Scania around ad 1800, based on old cadastral maps, gave similar results as the REVEALS reconstruction of cereal vegetation cover for the ad 1700–1900 time-window. It gives support to the conclusion that pollen records from wells may be used for REVEALS reconstructions of past vegetation cover.

中文翻译：

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瑞典南部农业地区的景观开放性和耕地利用的长期发展：利用水井花粉记录进行REVEALS估算的潜力

这项研究的双重目的是调查瑞典南部斯堪尼亚西南部高度耕种的地区的长期景观发展，并讨论为此目的从井中记录花粉的潜力。收集了来自12个考古现场的36口不同井的花粉记录。基于REVEALS模型和多个小站点方法，对35口井进行了计算，范围大约在800 cal bc – 1900 ad ad范围内，定量了七个不同时间窗口的区域植被覆盖率。根据REVALS的输出，在过去约2500年中，景观开放度很高且相对恒定（开阔地植被覆盖了90-97％），而耕地的利用则逐渐扩大（谷物植被从9％扩展了800-500 bc）覆盖38％的广告（ 1700-1900年）。逐渐以草地为代价的可耕作耕种的增加，使得已经被农业殖民化的景观中的粮食产量得以增加。基于井中花粉记录的REVEALS估算值总体上与早先发布的基于邻近地区湖泊沉积物的REVEALS重建结果一致。在西南的斯堪尼亚耕地利用周围的GIS分析广告1800，基于旧地籍图，给了类似的结果作为对揭示谷物植被重建广告1700-1900时间窗口。它支持以下结论：井中的花粉记录可用于过去植被覆盖的REVEALS重建。