We present a comprehensive review of the available global literature on the genetics and genomics of marine fish invasions. Overall this review provides data from 66 species belonging to 39 families, collected from 80 published studies on both WoS (Web of Science) and Scopus databases. We found that studies on alien fishes focused on specific geographic areas, mainly the Mediterranean region. Furthermore, most studies restricted their approach to describe patterns of cryptic diversity and/or the development of novel markers, whilst the genetic structure of introduced populations and the genetic mechanisms driving the invasion processes were mostly neglected. The majority of studies on marine fishes reveal similar genetic diversity levels in both native and introduced ranges, suggesting massive or multiple introductions. Indeed, cases of introduced populations showing evidence of bottlenecks were rare. Genetic arrangements are not explained by taxonomic group or reproductive strategy but recent studies reveal rapid evolutionary changes associated with invasive lineages, opening new grounds to investigate mechanisms of adaptation in the natural environment. Finally, the potential of marine fish invasions as a model to test evolutionary responses to rapid environmental changes is further discussed.

中文翻译：

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海洋鱼类入侵的遗传学和基因组学：全球综述

我们对有关海洋鱼类入侵的遗传学和基因组学的可用全球文献进行了全面审查。总的来说，这篇综述提供了来自 39 个科的 66 个物种的数据，这些数据是从 WoS（科学网络）和 Scopus 数据库上发表的 80 项研究中收集的。我们发现对外来鱼类的研究集中在特定的地理区域，主要是地中海地区。此外，大多数研究限制了他们描述隐性多样性模式和/或新标记开发的方法，而引入种群的遗传结构和驱动入侵过程的遗传机制大多被忽视。大多数关于海洋鱼类的研究揭示了本地和引进范围内相似的遗传多样性水平，表明大规模或多次引进。确实，出现瓶颈迹象的引入种群的情况很少见。遗传排列不能由分类群或繁殖策略解释，但最近的研究揭示了与入侵谱系相关的快速进化变化，为研究自然环境中的适应机制开辟了新的基础。最后，进一步讨论了海洋鱼类入侵作为测试对快速环境变化的进化反应的模型的潜力。