The Czech Republic (CR) has an exceptionally high number of pollen sites, but large areas, such as the area south and southwest of Praha (Prague), still lack pollen records. Although we know the basic scenario of Holocene vegetation development in the CR, questions remain. Recent discussions have concerned the role of Picea abies and Abies alba in the mid and late Holocene, especially in upland regions of the CR. Quantitative vegetation reconstruction methods have shown unexpectedly high proportions of both taxa in most regions within the CR in these periods, with the exception of the lowlands. In this study we publish original data from southern Bohemia. We aim to use it to build a picture of both local vegetation and settlement development in an upland landscape where pollen records with a detailed chronology were previously lacking. The area under study, where the first intensive occupation occurred during the early Iron Age (800/750–500 bc), is characterised by poor acid soils, a subcontinental climate and gold-bearing watercourses. Iron Age settlements could have been connected with extensive gold extraction along those watercourses, and this is supported by pollen data. From the same period, a number of Viereckschanzen (rectangular ditched enclosures) have been found in the region. According to pollen data, the woods were originally dominated by Pinus and later by Abies and Picea. Abieti-Quercetum was the main woodland association, while Picea probably grew mostly on the floodplains. During the Iron Age (800/750–50 bc), a sharp and parallel decrease in both Picea and Alnus is detected. However, the extent of farmed land was limited during this period and it became established only in the early medieval period from around ad 900. A. alba and the remaining P. abies nearly disappeared by around ad 1200.

中文翻译：

---

他们为什么搬到贫瘠的土地上？铁器时代的定居及其对捷克共和国波西米亚南部高地原始林地的影响

捷克共和国（CR）的花粉数量异常多，但是大面积地区（例如布拉格Praha（布拉格）的南部和西南地区）仍缺乏花粉记录。尽管我们知道CR中全新世植被发展的基本情况，但仍然存在疑问。最近的讨论有关的角色云杉和银冷杉在全新世中期和晚期，特别是在CR的高地地区。定量植被重建方法显示，在这些时期内，除低地外，CR大部分地区的两种分类单元的比例都出乎意料地高。在这项研究中，我们发布了波希米亚南部的原始数据。我们的目标是用它来绘制高地景观中以前缺乏详细花粉记录的高地景观中本地植被和定居发展的图景。研究区域，铁器时代初期（800 / 750-500 bc）的特点是酸性土壤贫瘠，次大陆性气候和含金水道。铁器时代的定居点可能与沿这些河道的大量金矿开采有关，这得到花粉数据的支持。从同一时期开始，在该地区发现了许多Viereckschanzen（矩形沟围）。根据花粉数据，森林最初由松属控制，后来由Abies和Picea主导。Abieti-Quercetum是主要的林地协会，而Picea可能主要生长在洪泛区。在铁器时代（800 / 750–50 bc），云杉和Pic木同时急剧减少被检测到。然而，养殖用地范围内，在此期间是有限的，它成为只有在中世纪早期从各地建立广告900 A.阿尔巴，其余P.冷杉几乎被周围消失广告1200。