Abstract

Wireless sensor networks represent a promising solution for forest fire detection. Yet, these networks are composed of constrained elements and their operation must be optimized to reach a satisfying performance in terms of response time, fault tolerance and network lifetime. Studies have been made in this direction but they have studied only some of the aforementioned constraints and have not discussed the influence of the encountered situations after network deployment. The aim of this paper is to propose a comparison approach of fault tolerant routing protocols for the forest fire detection application which studies the network lifetime and network response time to an event taking into account the specificities of the different cases encountered in the field. To test this approach, the fault-tolerant routing protocols Multilevel, Heterogeneous Disjoint Multipath Routing Protocol (HDMRP) and Enhanced Ant-based QoS-aware routing protocol for Heterogeneous wireless Sensor Networks (EAQHSeN) are implemented and tested in the Castalia WSNs simulator. Simulations results showed that the three protocols have a very comparable network lifetime with a slight advantage in favor of the HDMRP and EAQHSeN protocols. On the other hand, HDMRP and EAQHSeN present a network response time respectively twice and approximately trice more preforming than that of multilevel.

中文翻译：

---

用于森林火灾检测的WSN路由协议比较的新方法

摘要

无线传感器网络代表了森林火灾探测的有前途的解决方案。但是，这些网络由受约束的元素组成，必须优化它们的操作以在响应时间，容错能力和网络寿命方面达到令人满意的性能。已经朝这个方向进行了研究，但是他们仅研究了上述限制中的一些，并且没有讨论网络部署后遇到的情况的影响。本文的目的是提出一种针对森林火灾检测应用的容错路由协议的比较方法，该方法考虑了现场遇到的不同情况的特殊性，研究了事件的网络寿命和网络响应时间。为了测试这种方法，容错路由协议Multilevel，在Castalia WSN模拟器中实现并测试了异构无线传感器网络的异构不相交多径路由协议（HDMRP）和基于增强型Ant的QoS感知路由协议（EAQHSeN）。仿真结果表明，这三种协议在网络寿命方面具有可比性，并且在支持HDMRP和EAQHSeN协议方面略有优势。另一方面，HDMRP和EAQHSeN分别呈现出两倍于网络响应时间，并且比多层响应性能高出大约三倍。仿真结果表明，这三种协议在网络寿命方面具有可比性，并且在支持HDMRP和EAQHSeN协议方面略有优势。另一方面，HDMRP和EAQHSeN分别呈现出两倍于网络响应时间，并且比多层响应性能高出大约三倍。仿真结果表明，这三种协议在网络寿命方面具有可比性，并且在支持HDMRP和EAQHSeN协议方面略有优势。另一方面，HDMRP和EAQHSeN分别呈现出两倍于网络响应时间，并且比多层响应性能高出大约三倍。