Abstract

Pollution is a major issue impacting the health of life and ecosystems. In particular, some pollutants may alter gene expression by epigenetic mechanisms such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA (miRNA) expression. Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes without alteration in the DNA sequence. In the healthy state, the coordinated actions of interconnected epigenetic factors are responsible for proper cell development and cell regulation. Epigenetic mechanisms are tissue-specific; hence, a pollutant may or may not cause an alteration depending on the type of tissue. Here we review mechanisms by which pollutants disrupt epigenetic factors. We focus on the impact of arsenic, cadmium, nickel, mercury, benzene, bisphenol A, dioxin, hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine and diethylstilbestrol. A list of diseases related to epigenetic factors and heavy metals exposure is provided.

中文翻译：

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引起表观遗传变化和疾病的污染物

摘要

污染是影响生命和生态系统健康的主要问题。特别是，某些污染物可能通过表观遗传机制（例如脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）甲基化，组蛋白修饰和microRNA（miRNA）表达）改变基因表达。表观遗传学是对可遗传变化而不改变DNA序列的研究。在健康状态下，相互联系的表观遗传因素的协调作用负责适当的细胞发育和细胞调节。表观遗传机制是组织特异性的。因此，根据组织的类型，污染物可能导致也可能不会引起改变。在这里，我们回顾了污染物破坏表观遗传因素的机制。我们专注于砷，镉，镍，汞，苯，双酚A，二恶英，六氢-1,3,5-三硝基-1,3,5-三嗪和己烯雌酚的影响。