Although the lack of a robust cardiomyocyte proliferative response has been considered to be a crucial determinant of cardiac pathology and Heart Failure in adult mammalians, the emerging picture is that myocardial regeneration is a complex phenotype involving many actors, including acute cellular senescence and inflammation. However, three major and interconnected events occur in response to tissue injury: loss of protein homeostasis, accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria and chronic inflammation. These events blunt the reparative response of the heart, are associated with the accumulation of chronically senescent cells and progressively lead to cardiac dysfunction. Therefore, it is crucial to understand which are the pivotal players of this process, in order to devise strategies aimed at reducing the occurrence of chronic cell senescence in the heart in vivo.

尽管缺乏强大的心肌细胞增殖反应被认为是成年哺乳动物心脏病理和心力衰竭的关键决定因素，但新出现的情况是心肌再生是一种复杂的表型，涉及许多因素，包括急性细胞衰老和炎症。然而，组织损伤时会发生三个主要且相互关联的事件：蛋白质稳态的丧失、功能失调的线粒体的积累和慢性炎症。这些事件减弱了心脏的修复反应，与慢性衰老细胞的积累有关，并逐渐导致心脏功能障碍。因此，了解哪些是此过程的关键参与者至关重要，