Trace elements are actively cycled in seawater, are essential components for marine life, and are transported to the seafloor where they can become enriched in marine sediments. Trace element enrichment in marine sediments depends on local hydrography, redox conditions, and biological activity. Most redox-sensitive trace elements partake in biological cycling in seawater and sedimentary pore waters, and their distribution in the rock record can help to constrain the dynamics and changes in environmental conditions on geologic timescales. Carbonate minerals including calcite, aragonite, and dolomite readily adsorb and/or incorporate trace elements during precipitation. Although experimental laboratory studies concerning incorporation of trace elements into carbonate minerals have not always yielded unambiguous results, they have generally confirmed a strong tendency of carbonate minerals to accumulate and retain certain trace elements. Because natural carbonate minerals can archive trace elements, they have attracted attention as sources of information on biogeochemical processes. Nonetheless, drawbacks of using trace element contents of marine carbonates as paleoproxies exist due to mineral alteration during early diagenesis, subsequent burial diagenesis, and meteoric diagenesis. These processes can affect trace element contents in marine carbonates to different degrees, possibly leading to alteration or even a complete loss of their original trace element composition. This review summarizes current knowledge on the behavior of trace elements in seawater and interstitial pore water by integrating trace element cycling in the water column, their transport to the seafloor, and their subsequent incorporation into carbonate minerals. This work provides a comprehensive overview for the carbonate sedimentologist, detailing the water column and early diagenetic processes that affect trace element patterns of unaltered or poorly altered carbonate rocks used as archives of paleoenvironmental change.

中文翻译：

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海水、沉积孔隙水中微量元素的行为及其与碳酸盐矿物的结合：综述

微量元素在海水中积极循环，是海洋生物的重要组成部分，并被输送到海底，在那里它们可以在海洋沉积物中变得丰富。海洋沉积物中微量元素的富集取决于当地的水文、氧化还原条件和生物活动。大多数氧化还原敏感微量元素参与海水和沉积孔隙水中的生物循环，它们在岩石记录中的分布有助于约束地质时间尺度上环境条件的动态和变化。包括方解石、文石和白云石在内的碳酸盐矿物在沉淀过程中很容易吸附和/或掺入微量元素。尽管关于将微量元素掺入碳酸盐矿物的实验室研究并不总是产生明确的结果，他们普遍证实了碳酸盐矿物有很强的积累和保留某些微量元素的趋势。由于天然碳酸盐矿物可以保存微量元素，因此它们作为生物地球化学过程的信息来源受到了关注。尽管如此，由于早期成岩作用、随后的埋藏成岩作用和大气成岩作用期间的矿物蚀变，使用海相碳酸盐的微量元素含量作为古近代物存在缺陷。这些过程会对海洋碳酸盐中的微量元素含量产生不同程度的影响，可能导致其原始微量元素组成发生改变甚至完全丧失。本综述通过整合水体中的微量元素循环，总结了目前关于海水和间隙孔隙水中微量元素行为的知识，它们运输到海底，随后并入碳酸盐矿物中。这项工作为碳酸盐沉积学家提供了一个全面的概述，详细介绍了水柱和早期成岩过程，这些过程会影响用作古环境变化档案的未改变或改变不良的碳酸盐岩的微量元素模式。