Financial inclusion has been defined and understood primarily in terms of access, thereby constituting ‘inclusion’/‘exclusion’ as a binary. This paper argues such a view to be myopic that risks treating financial inclusion as an end in itself, and not as means to a larger end. ‘Access’ oriented perspectives also fail to take into account considerations of structural factors like power asymmetries and pay inadequate attention to user practices. Through the case of auto-rickshaw drivers in Bangalore, India, and their use of Ola, a peer-to-peer taxi hailing service similar to Uber, we show that access is a necessary, but not sufficient condition to achieve financial inclusion in a substantive sense. By examining in detail, the financial needs and practices of rickshaw drivers, we identify the opportunities and constraints for digital technology to better support their financial practices and enhance their wellbeing. The paper proposes adding ‘autonomy’ and ‘affordances’ as two crucial factors to be included in the discourse on financial inclusion. Finally, we outline design implications for P2P technologies to contribute towards the financial inclusion of drivers.

中文翻译：

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重新思考金融普惠性：从获取到自治

金融包容性的定义和理解主要是基于获取，从而将“包含” /“排除”构成为二进制。本文认为这种观点是近视性的，存在将金融包容性本身视为目的而不是作为更大目的的手段的风险。以“访问”为导向的观点也没有考虑到诸如功率不对称之类的结构性因素，并且对用户实践的关注不足。通过印度班加罗尔的自动人力车司机的案例，以及他们使用Ola（类似于Uber的点对点出租车叫车服务）的案例，我们证明了进入是实现金融包容性的必要但不充分条件实质意义。通过详细研究人力车司机的财务需求和做法，我们确定了数字技术的机会和制约因素，以更好地支持其财务实践并改善其福祉。本文提议将“自治”和“负担”作为两个关键因素添加到金融普惠性讨论中。最后，我们概述了对P2P技术的设计意义，以促进推动者的财务包容。