ABSTRACT

There has been increasing interest in food- and dietary supplement-based materials that may support healthy cognition. However, few studies have quantitatively measured bioavailability, bioactivity, or cognitive short- and long-term effects of these materials against placebo. Earlier clinical studies reported ability of coffee cherry extract (CCE) to a.) reduce levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human blood and b.) to increase serum and exosomal levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neuroprotein essential for neurogenesis. Here, we examined CCE influence on cognitive performance. Seventy-one adults with mild cognitive decline completed this double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, 28-day regimen. Participants engaged in a cognitive challenge that involved working memory processes. Our results suggest that effects of CCE were notable during the first week and persisted throughout the study period. Specifically, participants on the CCE regimens had significant reductions in reaction time compared to placebo when comparing baseline to days 7 and 28 (p = 0.040, partial η²  = 0.130). A main effect of group was not identified for accuracy; however, strong trends were noted between the placebo group and two of the three CCE groups. These results suggest CCE, when taken in the morning or twice per day, is associated with improvements in reaction times and trends toward indications of improved accuracy. Although further research is required, these observations may be indicative of underlying processes such as increased processing speed, sustained attention, and/or focus.

摘要

人们对可能支持健康认知的基于食物和膳食补充剂的材料越来越感兴趣。然而，很少有研究定量测量这些材料对安慰剂的生物利用度、生物活性或认知短期和长期影响。早期的临床研究报告了咖啡果提取物 (CCE) 的能力：a.) 降低人血液中活性氧 (ROS) 的水平和 b.) 增加血清和外泌体脑源性神经营养因子 (BDNF) 的水平，BDNF 是一种神经蛋白神经发生的必要条件。在这里，我们检查了 CCE 对认知表现的影响。71 名轻度认知能力下降的成年人完成了这种双盲、随机、安慰剂对照的 28 天方案。参与者参与了一项涉及工作记忆过程的认知挑战。我们的结果表明，CCE 的影响在第一周很显着，并在整个研究期间持续存在。具体而言，当将基线与第 7 天和第 28 天进行比较时，与安慰剂相比，接受 CCE 方案的参与者的反应时间显着缩短。p = 0.040，部分η ²  = 0.130）。没有确定组的主效应的准确性；然而，在安慰剂组和三个 CCE 组中的两个组之间发现了强烈的趋势。这些结果表明，在早上或每天两次服用 CCE 时，与反应时间的改善和准确性提高的趋势有关。虽然需要进一步的研究，但这些观察结果可能表明潜在的过程，例如处理速度的提高、持续的注意力和/或注意力。