当前位置: X-MOL 学术Agron. Sustain. Dev. › 论文详情
Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)
Cadmium in soils and cereal grains after sewage-sludge application on French soils. A review
Agronomy for Sustainable Development ( IF 7.3 ) Pub Date : 2009 , DOI: 10.1051/agro:2008031
Denis Baize

Recycling sewage sludges as fertilisers on soils for crop production has several potential benefits such as providing large amounts of phosphorous and organic matter. However, the spreading of urban sewage sludge is a constant cause of controversy because it is known to introduce potentially toxic trace metals into the soil, particularly cadmium. In order to clarify this debate, this review article presents a synthesis of the results of several studies carried out in France on the impact of sewage-sludge spreading. This article reports mainly Cd results but also some results on other trace metals such as Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn. Two kinds of data are presented: (1) soil data including total metal contents and data from partial extraction to evaluate the phytoavailable fractions, and (2) plant data including metal content of wheat, a major agricultural crop. The field experiments involved very different amounts of applied sewage sludges and Cd. Indeed, three categories of experiments stand out, the first and second involving high amounts of applied Cd, and the third involving low amounts of applied Cd: (1) during the 1970s and ’80s, sludges with a high trace metal content, especially Cd, were spread at the INRA trials at Couhins experimental farm on sandy soils and in the Vexin area on silty topsoils. The quantities of applied Cd were very high, ranging from 3600 g to 641 000 g per ha. Here, the results show a notable impact on total Cd contents of topsoil and cereal grains. (2) Sludges containing high levels of industrial cadmium were spread on acid soils in the Limousin region for more than twenty years up to 1998. Topsoil Cd contents were measured in fields where the cadmium input was highest, of 300 to 600 g Cd per ha. Here, a clear increase in the Cd content of cereal grains was found. (3) During the 1990s and 2000s, numerous experiments with sewage-sludge applications compatible with the new French regulations of 1998 were implemented. The amounts of applied Cd were therefore much lower, from 0.6 to 270 g/ha. Here, no impact was detected on the composition of cereal grains. This review article concludes that the application of huge quantities of sewage sludges in the 1970s and ’80s had a clear and long-lasting effect on both soil and grain Cd compositions. Nonetheless, spreading sewage sludge in accordance with the new French regulations had no significant impact on soil and cereal-grain Cd concentrations.

中文翻译:

在法国土壤上施用污泥后土壤和谷物中的镉。回顾

将污水污泥作为肥料回收到土壤中以用于农作物生产,具有许多潜在的好处,例如提供大量的磷和有机物。但是,城市污水污泥的扩散一直是引起争议的原因,因为已知将潜在的有毒微量金属引入土壤,尤其是镉。为了澄清这场辩论,这篇综述文章介绍了法国针对污水污泥扩散影响进行的几项研究的结果。本文主要报告Cd结果,但也报告了其他痕量金属(例如Cr,Cu,Hg,Ni,Pb和Zn)的一些结果。提供了两种数据:(1)包括总金属含量的土壤数据和用于评估植物有效成分的部分提取数据,以及(2)包括小麦金属含量的植物数据,主要农作物 现场试验涉及到的污水污泥和镉的施用量差别很大。的确,有三类实验非常出色,第一类和第二类涉及大量的镉应用,第三类涉及少量的镉应用:(1)在1970年代和80年代,污泥中的痕量金属含量很高,尤其是镉在沙丘土壤的库欣斯实验农场和粉质表土上的Vexin地区的INRA试验中均散布有。镉的施用量非常高,从每公顷3600克到641000克不等。在这里,结果显示出对表土和谷类谷物中总Cd含量的显着影响。(2)直到1998年,利木赞地区的酸性土壤中都含有高含量的工业镉污泥。在镉输入量最高的田地(每公顷300至600克Cd)中测量了表土Cd含量。在此,发现谷物中的Cd含量明显增加。(3)在1990年代和2000年代,进行了许多与1998年法国新法规兼容的污水污泥应用实验。因此,镉的施用量要低得多,从0.6到270 g / ha。在此,未发现对谷粒组成的影响。这篇综述的结论是,1970年代和80年代大量污水污泥的应用对土壤和谷物Cd组成均具有明显而持久的影响。尽管如此,按照法国新法规分配的污水污泥对土壤和谷物中Cd的浓度没有明显影响。在此,发现谷物中的Cd含量明显增加。(3)在1990年代和2000年代,进行了许多与1998年法国新法规兼容的污水污泥应用实验。因此,镉的施用量要低得多,从0.6到270 g / ha。在此,未发现对谷粒组成的影响。这篇综述的结论是,1970年代和80年代大量污水污泥的应用对土壤和谷物Cd组成均具有明显而持久的影响。但是,按照法国新法规分配的污水污泥对土壤和谷物中的Cd浓度没有显着影响。在此,发现谷物中的Cd含量明显增加。(3)在1990年代和2000年代,进行了许多与1998年法国新法规兼容的污水污泥应用实验。因此,镉的施用量要低得多,从0.6到270 g / ha。在此,未发现对谷粒组成的影响。这篇综述的结论是,1970年代和80年代大量污水污泥的应用对土壤和谷物Cd组成均具有明显而持久的影响。尽管如此,按照法国新法规分配的污水污泥对土壤和谷物中Cd的浓度没有明显影响。进行了许多与1998年法国新法规兼容的污水污泥应用实验。因此,镉的施用量要低得多,从0.6到270 g / ha。在此,未发现对谷粒组成的影响。这篇综述的结论是,1970年代和80年代大量污水污泥的应用对土壤和谷物Cd组成均具有明显而持久的影响。尽管如此,按照法国新法规分配的污水污泥对土壤和谷物中Cd的浓度没有明显影响。进行了许多与1998年法国新法规兼容的污水污泥应用实验。因此,镉的施用量要低得多,从0.6到270 g / ha。在此,未发现对谷粒组成的影响。这篇综述文章得出的结论是,在1970年代和80年代使用大量的污水污泥对土壤和谷物Cd组成均具有明显而持久的影响。尽管如此,按照法国新法规分配的污水污泥对土壤和谷物中Cd的浓度没有明显影响。这篇综述性文章得出的结论是,在1970年代和80年代使用大量的污水污泥对土壤和谷物中的Cd组成均具有明显而持久的影响。但是,按照法国新法规分配的污水污泥对土壤和谷物中的Cd浓度没有显着影响。这篇综述的结论是,1970年代和80年代大量污水污泥的应用对土壤和谷物Cd组成均具有明显而持久的影响。尽管如此,按照法国新法规分配的污水污泥对土壤和谷物中Cd的浓度没有明显影响。
更新日期:2020-09-22
down
wechat
bug