Morningness (a preference for earlier rise and bed times) is associated with well-being, better sleep quality, and positive affect, while eveningness is associated with poor sleep quality, negative mood, maladaptive behaviours, and psychological disorder. The current study investigated: (1) whether eveningness is associated with more maladaptive metacognitive beliefs; (2) whether maladaptive metacognitive beliefs and sleep quality are related to associations between morningness–eveningness and affect. An online survey with questionnaire measures of morningness–eveningness, affect, sleep quality, and metacognitive beliefs was completed by 591 undergraduate students. More morningness correlated with more positive affect, while more eveningness correlated with more negative affect and poor sleep quality. Eveningness also showed small correlations with having less cognitive confidence and with metacognitive beliefs about uncontrollable thoughts. Mediation analysis showed that cognitive confidence and beliefs about uncontrollable thoughts, together with poor sleep quality (especially subjective sleep quality and daytime dysfunction), were mediators in the relationships between morningness–eveningness and both negative affect and positive affect. These findings suggest that metacognitive beliefs may be an important consideration in understanding the associations between morningness–eveningness and well-being.

中文翻译：

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早晚和情绪：睡眠质量和元认知信念的中介作用

早起（偏好早起和早睡）与幸福感、更好的睡眠质量和积极影响有关，而晚睡与睡眠质量差、消极情绪、适应不良行为和心理障碍有关。目前的研究调查了：（1）晚上是否与更不适应的元认知信念有关；(2) 适应不良的元认知信念和睡眠质量是否与早晚和情绪之间的关联有关。591 名本科生完成了一项在线调查，其中包含对早晚、情感、睡眠质量和元认知信念的问卷测量。更多的早晨与更多的积极情绪相关，而更多的傍晚与更多的消极情绪和较差的睡眠质量相关。晚间活动也与认知信心不足和对无法控制的想法的元认知信念有很小的相关性。中介分析表明，对无法控制的想法的认知信心和信念，以及睡眠质量差（特别是主观睡眠质量和白天功能障碍），是早晚与消极情绪和积极情绪之间关系的中介。这些发现表明，元认知信念可能是理解早晚与幸福感之间关联的重要考虑因素。加上睡眠质量差（尤其是主观睡眠质量和白天功能障碍），是早晚之间关系的中介因素，负面影响和正面影响。这些发现表明，元认知信念可能是理解早晚与幸福感之间关联的重要考虑因素。加上睡眠质量差（尤其是主观睡眠质量和白天功能障碍），是早晚之间关系的中介因素，负面影响和正面影响。这些发现表明，元认知信念可能是理解早晚与幸福感之间关联的重要考虑因素。