BACKGROUND Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) is the failure of embryos to implant more than two times in a given individual. There is debate about a precise definition for RIF, but we consider more than two implantation failures for individuals who undergo in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) to constitute RIF. There are many potential reasons for RIF, including embryonic factors, immunological factors, uterine factors, coagulate factors, and genetic factors. Genetic variation has been suggested as one of the contributing factors leading to RIF, and a number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been reported to be associated with RIF. The recent elucidation of miRNA functions has provided new insight into the regulation of gene expression. METHODS We investigated associations between polymorphisms in four miRNAs and RIF in 346 Korean women: 118 patients with RIF and 228 controls. We determined the genotypes of the miRNAs in the study participants by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment-length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. We analyzed the effects of genotypes, allele combinations, and environmental and clinical factors on the risk of RIF. RESULTS The miR-25 T/miR-125aT/miR-222G (odds ratio (OR), 0.528; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.282-0.990; P = 0.044) and miR-25 T/miR-125aT allele combinations were associated with a reduced risk of RIF. The miR-25 T/miR-32C/miR-125aC/miR-222 T allele combination was associated with an increased risk of RIF. The miR-222GT+TT genotypes interacted with high prothrombin time (≥ 12 s) to increase the risk of RIF. CONCLUSIONS MicroRNA polymorphisms are significantly different between patients that experience RIF and healthy controls. Combinations of microRNA polymorphisms were associated with the risk of RIF. Interactions between environmental factors and genotypes increased the risk of RIF in Korean women.

中文翻译：

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microRNA（miR-25，miR-32，miR-125和miR-222）多态性与韩国女性复发性植入失败之间的关联。

背景技术反复植入失败（RIF）是胚胎在给定个体中植入两次以上的失败。关于RIF的确切定义存在争议，但对于考虑进行体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF-ET）来构成RIF的个体，我们考虑了两次以上的植入失败。RIF有许多潜在原因，包括胚胎因素，免疫因素，子宫因素，凝血因素和遗传因素。遗传变异被认为是导致RIF的重要因素之一，据报道许多单核苷酸多态性（SNP）与RIF相关。最近对miRNA功能的阐明为基因表达的调控提供了新的见识。方法我们调查了346位韩国女性中4个miRNA的多态性与RIF之间的关联：118例RIF患者和228例对照。我们通过聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）分析确定了研究参与者中miRNA的基因型。我们分析了基因型，等位基因组合以及环境和临床因素对RIF风险的影响。结果miR-25 T / miR-125aT / miR-222G（比值比（OR）为0.528; 95％置信区间（CI）为0.282-0.990; P = 0.044）和miR-25 T / miR-125aT等位基因组合与降低RIF的风险有关。miR-25 T / miR-32C / miR-125aC / miR-222 T等位基因组合与RIF风险增加相关。miR-222GT + TT基因型与凝血酶原时间长（≥12 s）相互作用会增加RIF的风险。结论MicroRNA多态性在经历RIF的患者和健康对照之间存在显着差异。microRNA多态性的组合与RIF的风险有关。环境因素和基因型之间的相互作用增加了韩国女性发生RIF的风险。