In this article, integrated millimeter-wave (mmW) broadband circularly polarized (CP) single-beam/multibeam antennas (MBAs) are reported. The antennas comprised a Berry-phase (BP) transmit-array (TA) containing three layers of slotted elliptical metallic resonator arrays and a cluster of substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) -fed CP source radiators with an anisotropic impedance surface (AIS) superstrate. By utilizing broadband mmW CP radiators, BP-based transmission phase compensation, and tailoring the dispersive transfer function of the TA cell, broadband CP high-gain beams can be generated with improved gain flatness and an antenna profile of only $2.6\lambda _{0}$ . Moreover, by employing multifocal strategies in the design of TAs, the scanning loss for the multifeed MBAs can be alleviated, expanding their range of coverage. Two Ka-band prototypes were fabricated and characterized. The single-feed single-beam antenna experimentally achieves a peak gain of 22.6 dBic and a 2 dB gain bandwidth of 20.7%, within which the $S_{11}$ is below −10 dB and axial ratio (AR) is smaller than 3 dB. The second prototype, which contains five source radiators and a bifocal TA, generates five pencil beams that cover a range between ±33°. It features a peak broadside gain of 22.2 dBic, a joint AR < 3 dB, and a 2 dB gain bandwidth of around 17.7%. The scanning loss and beam squinting are smaller than 1.2 dB and 1.7°, respectively. Within this band, the $S_{11}$ is below −10 dB and mutual coupling is smaller than −20 dB. Finally, the numerical simulation of a broadband CP 21-beam antenna with a quad-focal TA is shown, which provides a 2-D coverage of 32° cone. The demonstrated single-beam antenna/MBA can be promising candidates for various mmW applications, such as satellite and fifth-generation (5G) communications.

中文翻译：

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用于 Ka 波段应用的使用 Berry 相位发射阵列的集成宽带圆极化多波束天线

在本文中，报告了集成毫米波 (mmW) 宽带圆极化 (CP) 单波束/多波束天线 (MBA)。天线包括一个 Berry 相 (BP) 发射阵列 (TA)，其中包含三层开槽椭圆金属谐振器阵列和一组带有各向异性阻抗表面 (AIS) 覆层的衬底集成波导 (SIW) 馈电 CP 源辐射器。通过利用宽带 mmW CP 辐射器、基于 BP 的传输相位补偿以及定制 TA 单元的色散传递函数，可以生成具有改进的增益平坦度和天线剖面的宽带 CP 高增益波束 $2.6\lambda _{0}$ . 此外，通过在 TA 的设计中采用多焦点策略，可以减轻多进给 MBA 的扫描损失，扩大其覆盖范围。二K a-带原型被制造和表征。单馈单波束天线在实验上实现了 22.6 dBic 的峰值增益和 20.7% 的 2 dB 增益带宽，其中 $S_{11}$ 低于 -10 dB，轴比 (AR) 小于 3 dB。第二个原型包含五个源辐射器和一个双焦 TA，产生五个笔形光束，覆盖范围在 ±33° 之间。它具有 22.2 dBic 的峰值宽边增益、联合 AR < 3 dB 和约 17.7% 的 2 dB 增益带宽。扫描损耗和光束偏斜分别小于 1.2 dB 和 1.7°。在这个频段内， $S_{11}$ 低于-10 dB，互耦小于-20 dB。最后，显示了带有四焦 TA 的宽带 CP 21 波束天线的数值模拟，它提供了 32° 锥的二维覆盖。演示的单波束天线/MBA 可以成为各种毫米波应用的有希望的候选者，例如卫星和第五代 (5G) 通信。