Adrenocortical hyperplasia may develop in different contexts. Primary adrenal hyperplasia may be secondary to primary bilateral macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia (PBMAH) or micronodular bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (MiBAH) which may be divided in primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) and isolated micronodular adrenocortical disease (i-MAD). Both lead to oversecretion of cortisol and potentially to Cushing's syndrome. Moreover, adrenocortical hyperplasia may be secondary to longstanding ACTH stimulation in ACTH oversecretion as in Cushing's disease, ectopic ACTH secretion or glucocorticoid resistance syndrome and congenital adrenal hyperplasia secondary to various enzymatic defects within the cortex. Finally, idiopathic bilateral adrenal hyperplasia is the most common cause of primary aldosteronism. We will discuss recent findings on the multifaceted forms of adrenocortical hyperplasia.

肾上腺皮质增生可能在不同的情况下发展。原发性肾上腺增生可继发于原发性双侧大结节性肾上腺皮质增生（PBMAH）或微结节性双侧肾上腺增生（MiBAH），后者可分为原发性色素性结节性肾上腺皮质病（PPNAD）和孤立的微结节性肾上腺皮质病（i-MAD）。两者都会导致皮质醇分泌过多，并可能导致库欣氏综合症。此外，肾上腺皮质增生可能是长期的ACTH刺激继发于ACTH过度分泌所致，如库欣病，异位ACTH分泌或糖皮质激素抵抗综合症以及先天性肾上腺增生继发于皮质内各种酶缺陷。最后，特发性双侧肾上腺增生是原发性醛固酮增多症的最常见原因。