The explosion of Internet of Things (IoT) applications makes the existing network structure insufficient because it is split by multiple non-cooperative operators, does not scale with the future development of IoT, and calls for novel networking concepts and protocols. The need for multi-operator IoT paradigms poses some unprecedented challenges, including trust considerations. To enable a multi-operator network without shared authentication, we propose a trustworthy grant-free IoT access protocol named Hash Access by leveraging a blockchain radio access network (B-RAN) architecture. B-RAN re-organizes multiple individual radio access networks into a joint multi-operator network based on a blockchain. B-RAN can establish trust among initially trustless operators and efficiently utilize resources across networks, matching and creating values for multiple participants. Furthermore, to mitigate the loss of network efficiency caused by selfish behavior among untrustworthy IoT devices, the proposed protocol can induce IoT devices to follow an access rule and control their data traffic. The proposed framework unifies the IoT access and the underlying B-RAN to reduce confirmation delays in traditional blockchains significantly. Numerical experiments illustrate the performance edge for the B-RAN-enabled Hash Access.

中文翻译：

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哈希访问：由区块链无线接入网络实现的值得信赖的无授权物联网访问


物联网应用的爆炸式增长使得现有的网络结构因多个不合作的运营商的分裂而显得不足，无法随着物联网未来的发展而扩展，需要新颖的组网概念和协议。对多运营商物联网范例的需求带来了一些前所未有的挑战，包括信任考虑。为了在无需共享身份验证的情况下实现多运营商网络，我们利用区块链无线接入网络（B-RAN）架构提出了一种值得信赖的无授权物联网访问协议，名为哈希访问。 B-RAN将多个单独的无线接入网络重新组织成基于区块链的联合多运营商网络。 B-RAN可以在最初不信任的运营商之间建立信任，并有效地利用跨网络的资源，为多个参与者匹配和创造价值。此外，为了减轻不可信物联网设备之间自私行为造成的网络效率损失，所提出的协议可以诱导物联网设备遵循访问规则并控制其数据流量。所提出的框架统一了物联网接入和底层 B-RAN，以显着减少传统区块链中的确认延迟。数值实验说明了支持 B-RAN 的哈希访问的性能优势。