Background

Ultrasound (US) images are currently displayed on monitors, and their understanding needs good orientation skills. Direct overlay of US images onto the according anatomy is possible with augmented reality (AR) technologies. Our purpose was to explore the performance of US-guided needle placement with and without AR in situ US viewing.

Methods

Three untrained operators and two experienced radiologists performed 200 US-guided punctures: 100 with and 100 without AR in situ US. The punctures were performed in two different phantoms, a leg phantom with soft tissue lesions and a vessel phantom. Time to puncture and number of needle passes were recorded for each puncture. Data are reported as median [range] according to their non-normal distribution.

Results

AR in situ US resulted in reduced time (median [range], 13 s [3–101] versus 14 s [3–220]) and number of needle passes (median [range], 1 [1–4] versus 1 [1–8]) compared to the conventional technique. The initial gap in performance of untrained versus experienced operators with the conventional US (time, 21.5 s [3–220] versus 10.5 s [3–94] and needle passes 1 [1–8] versus 1 [1, 2]) was reduced to 12.5 s [3–101] versus 13 s [3–100] and 1 [1–4] versus 1 [1–4] when using AR in situ US, respectively.

Conclusion

AR in situ US could be a potential breakthrough in US applications by simplifying operator’s spatial orientation and reducing experience-based differences in performance of US-guided interventions. Further studies are needed to confirm these preliminary phantom results.

中文翻译：

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超声引导介入与增强现实技术在原位可视化：机制的幻像研究。

背景

超声（US）图像当前显示在监视器上，并且对它们的理解需要良好的定位技能。使用增强现实（AR）技术可以将美国图像直接叠加到相应的解剖结构上。我们的目的是探讨在有或没有AR的情况下进行美国原位观察的美国引导下的针头放置的性能。

方法

3名未经训练的操作员和2名经验丰富的放射科医生进行了200次美国引导的穿刺：100次有美国原位AR和100次没有AR 。在两种不同的体模中进行穿刺，一种是具有软组织损伤的腿部体模，另一种是血管体模。记录每次穿刺的时间和穿刺次数。数据根据其非正态分布报告为中值[范围]。

结果

AR原位超声可减少时间（中位[范围]，13 s [3–101]比14 s [3–220]）和针头通过次数（中位[范围]，1 [1-4]]比1 [ 1–8]）。在未经训练的性能的初始间隙相比与传统的美国经验的操作者（时间，21.5 S [3-220]相对于10.5 S [3-94]和针穿过1 [1-8]对1 [1，2]）中的溶液降低至12.5 S [3-101]相对于13号第[3-100]和1 [1-4]对1 [1-4]使用AR时原位分别US。

结论

通过简化运营商的空间定位并减少基于美国的干预措施的基于经验的差异，AR原位美国可能是美国应用中的潜在突破。需要进一步的研究以确认这些初步的幻像结果。